Compadrio, parentesco e família: escravizados, libertos e livres na paróquia de São José de Taquari/Rio Grande do Sul
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Data
2021-03
Autores
Orientador
Machado, Neli Teresinha Galarce
Banca
Magalhães, Magna Lima
Pinheiro, Fernanda Storck
Diedrich, Melissa Heberle
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Resumo
O Brasil tem uma história marcada pela escravidão do povo negro nas mais diversas regiões do país. Escolhemos um recorte espacial nesta pesquisa para falar desse escravismo; ou seja, o território de Taquari nos séculos XVIII e XIX, num espaço fundado por interesses portugueses. Foi neste contexto de dominação de terras que houve a inserção da mão de obra escravizada, que com o passar do tempo se intensificou e perdurou até o ano da abolição, em 1888. Incluso ao tema escravismo, detivemo-nos nas relações sociais e familiares praticadas no cotidiano das propriedades escravistas em Taquari. O tema escravismo, selecionado para esta tese, é foco especial para a área das Ciências Ambientais, a qual promove a visão integrada das questões socioambientais, em suas perspectivas históricas, econômicas, sociais e ecológicas. Pressupõe-se, por meio do desenvolvimento de análises históricas, as quais podem ser do tempo recente ou no caso, da história do século XIX, que a promoção para a consciência social dos direitos individuais e coletivos são condições necessárias para que ocorra a superação da dependência social e da dominação política. Neste estudo, a conexão da história e das ciências ambientais envolve como pano de fundo modelos de desenvolvimento que marginalizaram os grupos humanos descendentes desse processo. Almeja-se que esta tese possa ser mais uma ferramenta para promover um melhor índice de desenvolvimento humano sustentável e a possibilidade de realização plena dos direitos individuais e coletivos dos herdeiros desse terrível contexto de relações de trabalho da nação brasileira. A utilização deste tipo de estudo pode ser direcionada para os planos de desenvolvimento da redução das desigualdades sociais, para melhorar a falta de informação científica adequada e para sustentar o aumento das próprias capacidades de grupos sociais descendentes. De forma geral e científica, o objetivo acadêmico desta tese foi analisar a formação dos laços de compadrio e a constituição da família negra escravizada, livre e liberta na Paróquia de São José de Taquari, entre os anos de 1787 e 1850. Metodologicamente se fez uso do método onomástico e da micro-história. Os resultados demonstraram redes formadas a partir dos batismos de escravizados adultos com o apadrinhamento feito por pessoas nas condições de escravizados, forros e livres. Nos batizados dos inocentes identificamos, assim como, para os adultos, laços de parentesco fictício formados entre pais, filhos e padrinhos. As mães dos chamados filhos naturais buscaram por padrinhos e madrinhas que estavam na condição social de libertos e livres. Os laços de compadrio se estenderam para fora das propriedades, o que demonstrou uma rede de parentesco extensa. Diferentemente dos filhos naturais, os batizados dos filhos legítimos formaram laços maiores com escravizados. A análise dos matrimônios apontou um baixo índice de uniões legitimadas entre os escravizados de Taquari; logo, a maioria das relações foram consensuais. As uniões matrimoniais foram realizadas, sobretudo, entre nubentes de mesma origem e estatuto jurídico. A pesquisa, de forma geral, buscou mostrar as 8 relações de parentesco e a formação da família negra a partir dos registros paroquiais, bem como a capacidade de articulação e estratégia desses indivíduos na antiga Taquari.
Brazil has a history marked by the slavery of the black people into the most diverse regions of the country. We chose a spatial approach in this research to talk about this slavery, that is, the territory of Taquari in the 18th and 19th centuries. A space founded by portuguese interests and it was in this context of land domination that there was the insertion of enslaved labor, which over time intensified and lasted until the year of abolition, 1888. Included to the subject of slavery, we focused on the social and family relationships practiced into the daily life of slavery properties in Taquari. The selected slavery theme for this thesis is special focused to the Environmental Sciences area, which promotes an integrated view of socioenvironmental issues, in their historical, economic, social and ecological perspectives. It is assumed, through the development of historical analyzes, which may be on recent time or, in this case, on the history of the 19th century, that the promotion of social awareness of individual and collective rights are demanding conditions to overcome social dependence and political dominance. In this study, the connection of history and environmental sciences involves, as a backdrop, development models that marginalized human groups descended from this process. It is hoped that this thesis may be another tool to promote a better index of sustainable human development and the possibility of full implementation of the individual and collective rights of the heirs of this terrible context of labor relations of the brazilian nation. The use of this type of study can be directed towards development plans for the reduction of social inequalities, to improve the lack of proper scientific information and to support the increase of the own descending social groups capacity. In a general and scientific way, the academic aim of this thesis was to analyze the formation of parentage ties and the constitution of the enslaved, freed and liberated black family in the Parish of São José de Taquari, between the years 1787 and 1850. Methodologically, the onomastic method and microhistory were used. The results showed networks constituted by the baptisms of enslaved adults with the godfathering made by people in the condition of enslaved, freed and liberated. In the baptisms of innocents we identify, just as, for adults, bonds of fictitious parentage formed between parents, children and godparents. The mothers of the so-called natural children sought for godparents and godmothers who were in the freed and liberated social condition. The parentage ties were extended outside the properties, which showed an extensive parentage network. Unlike natural children, the baptism of legitimate children formed closer ties with enslaved people. The analysis of matrimony pointed to a low rate of legitimate unions among the enslaved people in Taquari, most of the relationships were consensual. Marital unions were carried out, above all, between couples of the same origin and legal status. The research, in general, sought to show the parentage relations and the formation of the black family from parish records, but also the articulation and strategy capacity of these individuals in the old Taquari.
Brazil has a history marked by the slavery of the black people into the most diverse regions of the country. We chose a spatial approach in this research to talk about this slavery, that is, the territory of Taquari in the 18th and 19th centuries. A space founded by portuguese interests and it was in this context of land domination that there was the insertion of enslaved labor, which over time intensified and lasted until the year of abolition, 1888. Included to the subject of slavery, we focused on the social and family relationships practiced into the daily life of slavery properties in Taquari. The selected slavery theme for this thesis is special focused to the Environmental Sciences area, which promotes an integrated view of socioenvironmental issues, in their historical, economic, social and ecological perspectives. It is assumed, through the development of historical analyzes, which may be on recent time or, in this case, on the history of the 19th century, that the promotion of social awareness of individual and collective rights are demanding conditions to overcome social dependence and political dominance. In this study, the connection of history and environmental sciences involves, as a backdrop, development models that marginalized human groups descended from this process. It is hoped that this thesis may be another tool to promote a better index of sustainable human development and the possibility of full implementation of the individual and collective rights of the heirs of this terrible context of labor relations of the brazilian nation. The use of this type of study can be directed towards development plans for the reduction of social inequalities, to improve the lack of proper scientific information and to support the increase of the own descending social groups capacity. In a general and scientific way, the academic aim of this thesis was to analyze the formation of parentage ties and the constitution of the enslaved, freed and liberated black family in the Parish of São José de Taquari, between the years 1787 and 1850. Methodologically, the onomastic method and microhistory were used. The results showed networks constituted by the baptisms of enslaved adults with the godfathering made by people in the condition of enslaved, freed and liberated. In the baptisms of innocents we identify, just as, for adults, bonds of fictitious parentage formed between parents, children and godparents. The mothers of the so-called natural children sought for godparents and godmothers who were in the freed and liberated social condition. The parentage ties were extended outside the properties, which showed an extensive parentage network. Unlike natural children, the baptism of legitimate children formed closer ties with enslaved people. The analysis of matrimony pointed to a low rate of legitimate unions among the enslaved people in Taquari, most of the relationships were consensual. Marital unions were carried out, above all, between couples of the same origin and legal status. The research, in general, sought to show the parentage relations and the formation of the black family from parish records, but also the articulation and strategy capacity of these individuals in the old Taquari.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compadrio; Escravidão; Família; Registros Paroquiais; Taquari; Parentage; Slavery; Family; Parish Records
Citação
PIRES, Karen Daniela. Compadrio, parentesco e família: escravizados, libertos e livres na paróquia de São José de Taquari/Rio Grande do Sul. 2021. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 31 mar. 2021. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2960.