Caracterização morfológica, molecular e compatibilidade reprodutiva de Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) proveniente de macieiras e videiras
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Data
2016-07
Autores
Orientador
Ferla, Noeli Juarez
Banca
Ferla, Noeli Juarez
Johann, Liana
Sperotto, Raul Antônio
Rempel, Claudete
Mendonça, Renata Santos De
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Resumo
Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) é um ácaro fitófago que causa danos ao cultivo de macieiras e recentemente foi encontrado em videiras no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A presente dissertação de mestrado teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de biótipos associados a estes dois hospedeiros, realizada pela caracterização morfológica, molecular e verificação da compatibilidade reprodutiva. A caracterização morfológica ocorreu através de medições de fêmeas de 17 áreas de amostragem, sendo dez de videiras e sete de macieiras, sendo que se obteve sobreposição das populações de macieiras e videiras na análise dos componentes principais. Para caracterização molecular, foram analisados três fragmentos: a região intergênica ITS do DNA ribossômico e dois fragmentos do gene citocromo c oxidase I (COI) do DNA mitocondrial. Os resultados para COI demonstraram a ocorrência de linhagens distintas em macieiras e videiras. A divergência intraespecífica foi baixa, 1,1%, indicando tratar-se de uma mesma espécie. Para verificação da compatibilidade reprodutiva, foram realizados cruzamentos entre uma população de macieiras proveniente de Vacaria (RS) e uma população de videiras proveniente de Bento Gonçalves (RS). Foram realizados cruzamentos e retrocruzamentos, nos quais se observou diferença significativa no potencial reprodutivo da população proveniente de macieiras, embora tenha havido compatibilidade reprodutiva entre as populações analisadas. Os resultados indicaram que as populações de Panonychus ulmi proveniente de macieiras e videiras consistem em uma mesma espécie, e sugeriram a ocorrência de biótipos ou host race ligada ao hospedeiro, com melhor desempenho em macieiras. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a importância da caracterização de biótipos, pois estas informações são essenciais para o planejamento e aplicação em programas de controle biológico nas culturas avaliadas, ao nível de campo.
Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a phytophagous mite that causes damage to apple orchards and was recently found on vines in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This dissertation aimed to verify the occurrence of biotypes associated with these two hosts, conducted by morphological, molecular and verification of reproductive compatibility. The morphological characterization was carried out through measurements of females from 17 sampling areas, ten on vines and seven on apple trees, and obtained complete overlap of populations of apple trees and vines in principal components analysis. For molecular characterization, we analyzed three fragments: the intergenic region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA and two fragments of the gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) of the mitochondrial DNA. The results for COI demonstrated the occurrence of different strains on apples and vines. The intraspecific divergence was low, 1.1%, indicating the presence of the same species. To verify the reproductive compatibility were performed crosses between a population of apple trees from Vacaria (RS) and a population of vines from Bento Gonçalves (RS). Crosses and backcrosses were performed, in which significant difference was observed in the reproductive potential of population from apple trees, although there were reproductive compatibility between populations analyzed. The results indicated that the populations of Panonychus ulmi from apple trees and vines consist in the same species, and suggested the occurrence of biotypes or host race connected to the host, with better performance in apple trees population. The results showed the importance of characterization of biotypes, as this information is essential for planning and application in biological control programs to crops evaluated at the field level.
Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a phytophagous mite that causes damage to apple orchards and was recently found on vines in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This dissertation aimed to verify the occurrence of biotypes associated with these two hosts, conducted by morphological, molecular and verification of reproductive compatibility. The morphological characterization was carried out through measurements of females from 17 sampling areas, ten on vines and seven on apple trees, and obtained complete overlap of populations of apple trees and vines in principal components analysis. For molecular characterization, we analyzed three fragments: the intergenic region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA and two fragments of the gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) of the mitochondrial DNA. The results for COI demonstrated the occurrence of different strains on apples and vines. The intraspecific divergence was low, 1.1%, indicating the presence of the same species. To verify the reproductive compatibility were performed crosses between a population of apple trees from Vacaria (RS) and a population of vines from Bento Gonçalves (RS). Crosses and backcrosses were performed, in which significant difference was observed in the reproductive potential of population from apple trees, although there were reproductive compatibility between populations analyzed. The results indicated that the populations of Panonychus ulmi from apple trees and vines consist in the same species, and suggested the occurrence of biotypes or host race connected to the host, with better performance in apple trees population. The results showed the importance of characterization of biotypes, as this information is essential for planning and application in biological control programs to crops evaluated at the field level.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ácaro vermelho europeu; Biótipos; Host races; Controle biológico
Citação
NASCIMENTO, Joseane Moreira Do. Caracterização morfológica, molecular e compatibilidade reprodutiva de Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) proveniente de macieiras e videiras. 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 29 fev. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1072.