Assembleia de aves em diferentes coberturas vegetais no bioma Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Data
2016-10
Autores
Orientador
Périco, Eduardo
Banca
Périco, Eduardo
Rempel, Claudete
Bernál, Fernando Haetinger
Freitas, Elisete Maria De
Título do periódico
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Título do Volume
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Resumo
O bioma Pampa, presente somente no extremo sul do país, corresponde aos campos ou pradarias propriamente ditas, sendo pouco conhecido em termos de diversidade biológica. A falta de medidas conservacionistas faz com que seja ocupado por monoculturas florestais, alterando drasticamente sua paisagem natural. O inventariamento de sua biodiversidade torna-se uma ferramenta de suma importância para o conhecimento da riqueza de espécies, e de certa forma, essencial para a construção de medidas eficazes para a preservação. Esta dissertação objetivou inventariar a assembleia de aves ocorrente em uma parte do bioma Pampa avaliando sua distribuição, diversidade e composição nas diferentes coberturas vegetais encontradas no bioma, durante os períodos sazonais ao longo de um ano. O local de estudo encontra-se ao norte do município de Santana da Boa Vista, RS. Realizou-se uma coleta de dados longitudinal durante a primavera de 2013 e o inverno de 2014, totalizando 32 saídas a campo. Foram escolhidas cinco coberturas vegetais diferentes considerando a fitofisionomia do local: Campo (C), Campo com Área Úmida (CAU), Borda de Mata (BM), Mata de Galeria (MG) e Interior de Mata (IM). As observações visuais e auditivas foram realizadas em 15 pontos fixos pré-estabelecidos com distâncias superiores a 200 metros, distribuídos em três pontos em cada formação. As aves foram amostradas em cada ponto durante 10 minutos, sem raio definido, com auxílio de binóculo e gravador digital. Foram identificadas taxonomicamente 157 espécies de aves distribuídas em 48 famílias, destas, oito classificadas em algum critério de ameaça, sendo uma prioritária para a conservação. Inventários qualiquantitativos foram realizados ao longo do período amostral, ocorrendo a estabilização das curvas do coletor, caracterizando a assembleia de aves do local. A riqueza e a abundância entre as diferentes formações vegetais e entre a sazonalidade foram avaliadas através de análise de variância de dupla entrada (ANOVA) com teste post-hoc de Tuckey. A abundância e a riqueza foram ordenadas pela técnica de NMDS (Escalonamento Não Métrico Multidimensional), utilizando como medida de dissimilaridade o índice de Bray-Curtis, utilizando o programa PAST 2.08. As guildas tróficas foram agrupadas nas categorias descritas por Belton (1994) e Sick (1997) e suas associações com as formações vegetais testadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado (χ²). A análise de variância (ANOVA) indicou a diferença significativa entre a sazonalidade e a riqueza de espécies (p = 0,003) e entre as formações vegetais e a riqueza de espécies (p = 0,000). Também foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as estações do ano e a abundância (p = 0,000) e entre as formações vegetais e a abundância (p = 0,000). Escalonamento Não Métrico Multidimensional (NMDS) mostrou uma boa ordenação dos dados com baixo risco de falsas inferências e uma diferença significativa entre a abundância de espécies encontradas em formações vegetais C e CAU em relação às formações MG e IM. Em relação às estações, é clara a separação da abundância por sazonalidade. Com relação à formação vegetal foi observada diferença significativa (p= 0,019) entre as guildas tróficas. Do inventariamento, oito espécies identificadas estão classificadas em alguma categoria de ameaça e a espécie Amazona pretrei de endemismo ameaçado, está registrada como prioritária para a conservação. Diante da considerável riqueza e abundância de espécies da avifauna encontradas em uma pequena parte do Pampa, reitera-se a necessidade de investimentos em medidas de recuperação e conservação dos remanescentes naturais para a manutenção da biodiversidade deste bioma.
The Pampa biome occurs only in the southernmost part of Brazil and corresponds to the grasslands or fields, and it is one of the less known biome in terms of biological diversity. Due to the lack of conservation measures and economic pressure, the biome is occupied by tree monocultures, drastically changing its natural landscape. The inventory of their biodiversity, becomes an important tool for the knowledge of species richness, and somehow, essential for building effective measures for preservation. This work aimed to inventory the assembly of birds occurring in one part of the Pampa biome, evaluating their distribution, diversity and composition in different vegetation types found locally, during seasonal periods over a year. The study site is in the north of the municipality of Santana da Boa Vista, Brazil. A longitudinal data collection was performed during the spring 2013 to the winter 2014, totalizing 32 field trips. It were selected five different vegetal formations considering the local forest composition: grassland (C), wetlands fields (CAU), forest edge (BM), riparian forest (MG) and understory (IM). Visual and auditory observations were made at 15 fixed points pre-established with distances greater than 200 meters, three sites sampling in each formation. The birds were identified at each point for 10 minutes, without defined radius, with the help of the binoculars and digital recorder. They were identified 157 bird species distributed in 48 families, from these, eight were classified in any of extinction threat criteria, and one specie is classified as priority for conservation. Qualitative and quantitative inventories were held throughout the sample period, occurring stabilizing collector curves, characterizing the location of the bird assembly. The richness and abundance among the different vegetation types and among the seasonality were analyzed through double-entry analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tuckey. The abundance and richness were ordered by the NMDS technique (Non-metric Multidimensional Scale), using as a measure of dissimilarity index of Bray-Curtis, using the software PAST 2:08. Trophic guilds were grouped into the categories described by Belton (1994) and Sick (1997) and their associations with vegetation formations tested by chi-square test (χ²). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences between seasonal and species richness (p = 0.003) and between vegetation formations and species richness (p = 0.000). They also observed significant differences between the seasons and the abundance (p = 0.000) and between the vegetation formations and the abundance (p = 0.000). Non-metric Multidimensional Scale (NMDS) showed a good ordering of data at low risk of false inferences and a significant difference between the abundance of species found in vegetation formations C and CAU in relation the MG and IM formations. Regarding the seasons, there is a clear separation of abundance by seasonality. With respect to vegetal formation was observed significant difference (p = 0.019) between the trophic guilds. To the inventory, eight species identified are classified into some threat category and the species Amazon pretrei of the endemism threatened, it is listed as a priority for conservation. In the face of considerable richness and abundance of birds of species found in a small part of the Pampa, reiterates the need for investment in recovery measures and conservation of natural remaining for maintaining the biodiversity of this biome.
The Pampa biome occurs only in the southernmost part of Brazil and corresponds to the grasslands or fields, and it is one of the less known biome in terms of biological diversity. Due to the lack of conservation measures and economic pressure, the biome is occupied by tree monocultures, drastically changing its natural landscape. The inventory of their biodiversity, becomes an important tool for the knowledge of species richness, and somehow, essential for building effective measures for preservation. This work aimed to inventory the assembly of birds occurring in one part of the Pampa biome, evaluating their distribution, diversity and composition in different vegetation types found locally, during seasonal periods over a year. The study site is in the north of the municipality of Santana da Boa Vista, Brazil. A longitudinal data collection was performed during the spring 2013 to the winter 2014, totalizing 32 field trips. It were selected five different vegetal formations considering the local forest composition: grassland (C), wetlands fields (CAU), forest edge (BM), riparian forest (MG) and understory (IM). Visual and auditory observations were made at 15 fixed points pre-established with distances greater than 200 meters, three sites sampling in each formation. The birds were identified at each point for 10 minutes, without defined radius, with the help of the binoculars and digital recorder. They were identified 157 bird species distributed in 48 families, from these, eight were classified in any of extinction threat criteria, and one specie is classified as priority for conservation. Qualitative and quantitative inventories were held throughout the sample period, occurring stabilizing collector curves, characterizing the location of the bird assembly. The richness and abundance among the different vegetation types and among the seasonality were analyzed through double-entry analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tuckey. The abundance and richness were ordered by the NMDS technique (Non-metric Multidimensional Scale), using as a measure of dissimilarity index of Bray-Curtis, using the software PAST 2:08. Trophic guilds were grouped into the categories described by Belton (1994) and Sick (1997) and their associations with vegetation formations tested by chi-square test (χ²). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences between seasonal and species richness (p = 0.003) and between vegetation formations and species richness (p = 0.000). They also observed significant differences between the seasons and the abundance (p = 0.000) and between the vegetation formations and the abundance (p = 0.000). Non-metric Multidimensional Scale (NMDS) showed a good ordering of data at low risk of false inferences and a significant difference between the abundance of species found in vegetation formations C and CAU in relation the MG and IM formations. Regarding the seasons, there is a clear separation of abundance by seasonality. With respect to vegetal formation was observed significant difference (p = 0.019) between the trophic guilds. To the inventory, eight species identified are classified into some threat category and the species Amazon pretrei of the endemism threatened, it is listed as a priority for conservation. In the face of considerable richness and abundance of birds of species found in a small part of the Pampa, reiterates the need for investment in recovery measures and conservation of natural remaining for maintaining the biodiversity of this biome.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avifauna; Pampa; Riqueza; Abundância
Citação
KONZE, Juliano De Carvalho. Assembleia de aves em diferentes coberturas vegetais no bioma Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. 2015. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 18 jun. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1133.