Desempenho esportivo de atletas infantis do voleibol gaúcho e as relações com a qualidade de vida
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Data
2018-06-20
Autores
Orientador
Rempel, Claudete
Banca
Turatti, Luciana
Grave, Magali Teresinha Quevedo
Moraes, José Cícero
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Resumo
A popularidade do voleibol no Brasil possibilita que crianças e adolescentes alimentem o sonho de se tornarem atletas profissionais da modalidade. Mas, por tratar-se de atletas em formação, questiona-se o quanto o treinamento pode interferir na Qualidade de Vida (QV) desses atletas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relacionar a QV com o desempenho esportivo e a carga de treinamento de atletas pertencentes a equipes de voleibol infantil. Caracterizado como um estudo de abordagem qualiquantitativa, de cunho exploratório e transversal, está inserido na linha de pesquisa, Espaço e Problemas Socioambientais. Participaram 16 técnicos e 169 atletas de voleibol, que disputam o Campeonato Estadual infantil feminino do
Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada com os técnicos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e com as atletas através de dois questionários: dados sociodemográficos e esportivos e WHOQOL-bref. Também foi analisado o rendimento das equipes na temporada, conforme ranking da FIVB. Os resultados
mostraram que as atletas infantis gaúchas, em média, têm uma carga de treinamento de 9 horas semanais, em 3,4 dias por semana, e competem em 50,3 partidas ao ano. Além dessas horas, 60,3% treinam também em outras equipes ou categorias, totalizando uma média de 10,4 horas semanais. Apresentam uma QV
classificada como “Boa”, com os seguintes escores para cada dimensão avaliada: Social, 74,1; Ambiental, 72,4; Física, 70,8; e Psicológica, 67,7. Não houve correlação estatística significativa entre QV e rendimento esportivo (r(Pearson)=0,06; p=0,46), quando considerada a colocação no ranking de competições da temporada. Porém, houve correlação significativa e inversa entre QV e as cargas de treinamento semanais (r(Pearson)= -0,2; p=0,01), com destaque negativo quando os treinamentos são realizados em mais de um local ou em mais de uma categoria (r(Pearson)=0,15; p=0,049). As atletas investigadas percebem a prática do voleibol como benéfica para sua QV, pois propicia realização pessoal. Contudo, algumas citam a rotina de
treinamentos e jogos como desgastante e apontam a necessidade de cuidados para não afetar negativamente o rendimento escolar. Quanto à melhora do desempenho esportivo, foram percebidas como associações significativas os anos de prática da atleta (r=0,16; p=0,04); horas de treinamento, quando realizadas numa mesma equipe (r=0,18; p=0,02); quantidade de partidas disputadas no ano (r=0,6; p<0,0001); quantidade de profissionais integrando a CT (r = 0,54; p=0,03); quantidade de benefícios materiais e financeiros dados às atletas (r=0,65; p=0,006); morar em alojamento da equipe (t=-3,73; p=0,0003); e na mesma cidade da equipe
(t=-2,71; p=0,008). Conclui-se que a QV das atletas infantis gaúchas participantes de equipes vinculadas à Federação Gaúcha é “boa”. Os treinamentos realizados nas equipes evidenciam que contribuíram para sua promoção, não apresentando indícios de horas demasiadas de treinamento. Ainda, houve baixa incidência de lesões, como, também, não houve evidências de especialização precoce ou de frequente desistência ou grande rotatividade das atletas.
The popularity of volleyball in Brazil allows children and adolescents to feed their dream of becoming professional athletes of the sport. But because it is a question of training athletes, it is questioned how much the training can interfere in the Quality of Life (QL) of the same ones. The present study aims to relate the QL to the athletic performance and training load of athletes belonging to women's volleyball teams, affiliated to the Federation Gaúcha of Volleyball (FGV). It is characterized as a qualitative-quantitative study, with an exploratory and transversal character and is inserted in the line of research of space and socioenvironmental problems. The participants were 16 technicians and 169 volleyball athletes from the 16 teams participating in the Rio Grande do Sul women's State Championship. The data collection was performed with the coaches through a semi-structured interview and with the athletes through the application of two questionnaires: Sociodemographic and sports data and WHOQOL-bref. The performance of the teams in the season was also analyzed, making a ranking according to placing in the official competitions (FIVB). The results showed that, on average, the children's athletes in Rio Grande do Sul have a training load of 9 hours per week in 3,4 days per week and compete in 50,3 matches per year. In addition to these hours, 60,3% also train in other teams or categories, totaling an average of 10,4 hours per week. They present QL classified as "Good", with the following scores for each dimension evaluated: Social 74,1; Environmental 72,4; Physical 70,8; and Psychological 67,7. There was no statistically significant correlation between QL and sports performance (r (Pearson) = 0.06, p = 0.46), when considering the ranking of the season competitions, but there was a significant and negative correlation between QoL and Weekly training (r (Pearson) = - 0.2, p = 0.01), with negative emphasis when they are performed in more than one place or in more than one category (r (Pearson) = 0.15; P = 0.049). The athletes reported perceiving the practice of volleyball as being beneficial to their QL and that it offers personal achievements, although some cite the routine of training and games as exhausting and point out the need for care not to adversely affect school performance. As for the improvement of the athletic performance, significant associations were perceived the years of practice of the athlete(r=0,16; p=0,04), Hours of training, when performed in the same team (r=0,18; p=0,02), number of games played in the year (r=0,6; p<0,0001), number of the CT ́s professionals (r =0,54; p=0,03), amount of material and financial benefits given to athletes (r=0,65; p=0,006), live in staff housing (t=-3,73; p=0,0003) and in the same team city (t=-2,71; p=0,008). It was concluded that the QL of the FGV children's athletes participating in teams linked to the Gaucho Federation is "good" and that the training performed in their teams indicates to promote it, without presenting too many hours of training, low incidence of injuries, without evidence of precocious specialization or frequent withdrawal and rotation of athletes.
The popularity of volleyball in Brazil allows children and adolescents to feed their dream of becoming professional athletes of the sport. But because it is a question of training athletes, it is questioned how much the training can interfere in the Quality of Life (QL) of the same ones. The present study aims to relate the QL to the athletic performance and training load of athletes belonging to women's volleyball teams, affiliated to the Federation Gaúcha of Volleyball (FGV). It is characterized as a qualitative-quantitative study, with an exploratory and transversal character and is inserted in the line of research of space and socioenvironmental problems. The participants were 16 technicians and 169 volleyball athletes from the 16 teams participating in the Rio Grande do Sul women's State Championship. The data collection was performed with the coaches through a semi-structured interview and with the athletes through the application of two questionnaires: Sociodemographic and sports data and WHOQOL-bref. The performance of the teams in the season was also analyzed, making a ranking according to placing in the official competitions (FIVB). The results showed that, on average, the children's athletes in Rio Grande do Sul have a training load of 9 hours per week in 3,4 days per week and compete in 50,3 matches per year. In addition to these hours, 60,3% also train in other teams or categories, totaling an average of 10,4 hours per week. They present QL classified as "Good", with the following scores for each dimension evaluated: Social 74,1; Environmental 72,4; Physical 70,8; and Psychological 67,7. There was no statistically significant correlation between QL and sports performance (r (Pearson) = 0.06, p = 0.46), when considering the ranking of the season competitions, but there was a significant and negative correlation between QoL and Weekly training (r (Pearson) = - 0.2, p = 0.01), with negative emphasis when they are performed in more than one place or in more than one category (r (Pearson) = 0.15; P = 0.049). The athletes reported perceiving the practice of volleyball as being beneficial to their QL and that it offers personal achievements, although some cite the routine of training and games as exhausting and point out the need for care not to adversely affect school performance. As for the improvement of the athletic performance, significant associations were perceived the years of practice of the athlete(r=0,16; p=0,04), Hours of training, when performed in the same team (r=0,18; p=0,02), number of games played in the year (r=0,6; p<0,0001), number of the CT ́s professionals (r =0,54; p=0,03), amount of material and financial benefits given to athletes (r=0,65; p=0,006), live in staff housing (t=-3,73; p=0,0003) and in the same team city (t=-2,71; p=0,008). It was concluded that the QL of the FGV children's athletes participating in teams linked to the Gaucho Federation is "good" and that the training performed in their teams indicates to promote it, without presenting too many hours of training, low incidence of injuries, without evidence of precocious specialization or frequent withdrawal and rotation of athletes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esporte; Atlétas; Jovens; Saúde
Citação
ROTHER, Rodrigo Lara. Desempenho esportivo de atletas infantis do voleibol gaúcho e as relações com a qualidade de vida. 2017. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 20 out. 2017. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2013.