Análise comparativa de isolamento térmico entre painéis pré-moldados, alvenaria de vedação de blocos de concreto e blocos cerâmicos para fins de conforto térmico
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Data
2018-10-09
Autores
Orientador
Ferreira, Marcelo Freitas
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Resumo
As pessoas e as empresas estão cada vez mais em busca de conforto e qualidade de vida, a temperatura no ambiente é fator essencial. Esses locais devem oferecer condições térmicas adequadas para o conforto humano, que estão descritas na norma técnica de desempenho de edificações, NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013). Este trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho térmico de três paredes constituídas de materiais diferentes: alvenaria com painéis pré-moldados de concreto, alvenaria de blocos de concreto e alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos, que foram analisados em várias etapas, com a aplicação de revestimentos de
argamassa e pintura. Foram realizadas medições de temperatura interna dos 3 protótipos e da temperatura externa com um termo-higrômetro, durante vários dias em cada etapa, em 4 horários durante o dia, sempre nas mesmas condições, para que se tivesse dados suficientes para fazer as análises. Foram feitos também os cálculos através da NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005) de resistência e transmitância térmica do material, considerando-se a espessura dos blocos e painéis, com camada interna e externa de 2 cm de espessura nos Protótipos 2 (blocos de concreto) e 3 (blocos cerâmicos), ambos com 14 cm de espessura. O Protótipo 1 é
composto por painéis pré-moldados de concreto de 10 cm. Foi avaliado tanto pelas medições como pelos cálculos que a temperatura no protótipo de blocos cerâmicos apresentou a menor temperatura, principalmente após o reboco e com pintura na cor branca, além de possuir uma umidade relativa do ar menor, comparando com os outros dois protótipos, comprovando que a cerâmica absorve menos água e é mais eficiente para uma alvenaria de vedação. O Protótipo 3, de blocos cerâmicos, também foi o único que se aproximou dos valores estabelecidos pela norma.
People and companies are increasingly looking for comfort and quality of life, that’s why the temperature in the environment is essential. These places must provide a suitable thermal conditions for human comfort, which are described in the building performance’s technical standard, called: NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013). This work was developed with the aim of analyzing the thermal performance of three walls made with different materials: masonry with precast concrete panels, masonry of concrete blocks and masonry of ceramic blocks, which were analyzed in several stages, with the application of mortar coating and paint. Internal temperature measurements of 3 prototypes and also the external temperature were carried out with a thermo-hygrometer for several days at each stage, at 4 times during the day, always in the same conditions, in order to have enough data for making the analyzes. The resistance’s calculations and thermal transmittance of the material were also made through the NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005), considering the blocks and panels thickness, with internal and external layer of 2 cm of thickness in the Prototypes 2 (concrete blocks) and 3 (ceramic blocks), both with 14 cm of thickness. Prototype 1 is composed of 10 cm precast concrete panels. It was evaluated not only through measurements but also through the calculations where the lowest temperature was showed in the prototype ceramic blocks, mainly after plastering and with white paint, besides having a lower air relative humidity, compared with the other two prototypes, proving the theory that ceramic absorbs less water and is more efficient for a masonry partition. Prototype 3, of ceramic blocks, was also the only one that approached the values established by the standard.
People and companies are increasingly looking for comfort and quality of life, that’s why the temperature in the environment is essential. These places must provide a suitable thermal conditions for human comfort, which are described in the building performance’s technical standard, called: NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013). This work was developed with the aim of analyzing the thermal performance of three walls made with different materials: masonry with precast concrete panels, masonry of concrete blocks and masonry of ceramic blocks, which were analyzed in several stages, with the application of mortar coating and paint. Internal temperature measurements of 3 prototypes and also the external temperature were carried out with a thermo-hygrometer for several days at each stage, at 4 times during the day, always in the same conditions, in order to have enough data for making the analyzes. The resistance’s calculations and thermal transmittance of the material were also made through the NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005), considering the blocks and panels thickness, with internal and external layer of 2 cm of thickness in the Prototypes 2 (concrete blocks) and 3 (ceramic blocks), both with 14 cm of thickness. Prototype 1 is composed of 10 cm precast concrete panels. It was evaluated not only through measurements but also through the calculations where the lowest temperature was showed in the prototype ceramic blocks, mainly after plastering and with white paint, besides having a lower air relative humidity, compared with the other two prototypes, proving the theory that ceramic absorbs less water and is more efficient for a masonry partition. Prototype 3, of ceramic blocks, was also the only one that approached the values established by the standard.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Conforto; Desempenho; Temperatura; Concreto; Cerâmica
Citação
FIEGENBAUM, Ana Cristina. Análise comparativa de isolamento térmico entre painéis pré-moldados, alvenaria de vedação de blocos de concreto e blocos cerâmicos para fins de conforto térmico. 2018. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Civil) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 04 jul. 2018. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2245.