Reaproveitamento de resíduos da construção civil para desenvolvimento de revestimentos bioinspirados
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Data
2019-11
Autores
Orientador
Dapper, Silvia Trein Heimfarth
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Resumo
A indústria da construção civil é, em qualquer sociedade, o setor responsável pelo consumo do maior volume de recursos naturais, e também, por grandes impactos ambientais devido à ausência de conhecimentos sobre as finalidades e destinação que pode-se dar a estes materiais, e até mesmo, por irregularidades nos processos de construção. Atualmente, a preocupação com a escassez dos recursos naturais e a adoção de políticas sustentáveis ganham cada vez mais espaço, assim como, conceitos de design sustentável, os quais consistem no planejamento de produtos em todas fases, sendo socialmente equitativos, ecologicamente corretos e economicamente viáveis. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho consistiu em desenvolver um novo material utilizando os resíduos de argamassa e concreto desperdiçados na construção civil, para aplicação em novos revestimentos decorativos, visando a sustentabilidade e reduzindo o impacto ambiental. Para isso, aplicou-se conhecimentos da biônica, por meio da análise de elementos naturais e seus processos de adaptação ao meio, como fonte de solução de problemas e metodologia criativa. Desta forma, foi elaborado um programa experimental, a partir de visita a uma obra na cidade de Guaporé – RS, para a coleta, seleção e classificação de resíduos. Foram realizadas moldagens de corpos-de-prova de argamassa com três traços diferentes, uma mistura base, outra mistura com substituição de areia por resíduo em 50%, e mistura com substituição de areia por resíduo em 100%, para a determinação do material com as melhores propriedades. Foram executados ensaios de caracterização dos corpos-de-prova com o intuito de verificar resistência a tração e compressão, e também, os ensaios de granulometria e massa específica. Após as análises, deu-se início a geração de alternativas para o desenvolvimento de revestimento bioinspirado, sendo que o elemento natural escolhido foi uma orquídea do gênero Paphiopedilum acmodontum e outra do gênero Zygopetalum crinitum. Após a criação dos revestimentos, foram gerados arquivos tridimensionais que puderam ser impressos em 3D. As impressões 3D serviram de modelo para a fabricação dos moldes em borracha de silicone azul PS. Ao final do trabalho, são apresentados os resultados obtidos através dos ensaios de caracterização e da metodologia da etapa criativa, proporcionando assim, um destino ecologicamente sustentável para os resíduos e, além disso, buscando inovação para o mercado de revestimentos.
The building sector in any society is responsible for the consumption of the largest volume of natural resources and it is also known for the great environmental impacts that is causes, due to the lack of knowledge about the applications and destinations that can be given to these materials, and even for irregularities in the construction processes. Concerns about the scarcity of natural resources and the use of sustainable policies are becoming increasingly important, together with sustainable design concepts, which consist of product planning at all stages, being socially equitable, ecologically sound and economically viable. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new material using mortar and concrete waste from the construction process, for application in new 3D decorative coatings, aiming for sustainability and reducing the environmental impact. In addition, the use of bionics, analyzing the natural elements and their processes of adaptation to the environment, as a source of problem solving and creative methodology. Through the elaboration of an experimental program, a construction site visit was carried out in the city of Guaporé-RS where waste was collected, selected and classified. In addition, were also molded specimens with three different mix designs, a base mixture, a mixture with 50% of the sand being replaced by mortar and concrete waste and a mixture where 100% of the sand was replaced by mortar and concrete waste, in order to determine the mix design with the best properties. In addition, tests were carried out to determine the consistency index, characterize the specimens and to verify tensile and compressive strength. Tests of particle size distribution and specific weight. Finally, the bionics-based methodology for the creative stage and its design phases, with the natural element being the orchid. After analyzing the results and determining the best material, blue adhesive PS molds were made from the bioinspiration element, thus providing an ecologically sustainable destination for the waste and, furthermore, seeking innovation for the coatings market.
The building sector in any society is responsible for the consumption of the largest volume of natural resources and it is also known for the great environmental impacts that is causes, due to the lack of knowledge about the applications and destinations that can be given to these materials, and even for irregularities in the construction processes. Concerns about the scarcity of natural resources and the use of sustainable policies are becoming increasingly important, together with sustainable design concepts, which consist of product planning at all stages, being socially equitable, ecologically sound and economically viable. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new material using mortar and concrete waste from the construction process, for application in new 3D decorative coatings, aiming for sustainability and reducing the environmental impact. In addition, the use of bionics, analyzing the natural elements and their processes of adaptation to the environment, as a source of problem solving and creative methodology. Through the elaboration of an experimental program, a construction site visit was carried out in the city of Guaporé-RS where waste was collected, selected and classified. In addition, were also molded specimens with three different mix designs, a base mixture, a mixture with 50% of the sand being replaced by mortar and concrete waste and a mixture where 100% of the sand was replaced by mortar and concrete waste, in order to determine the mix design with the best properties. In addition, tests were carried out to determine the consistency index, characterize the specimens and to verify tensile and compressive strength. Tests of particle size distribution and specific weight. Finally, the bionics-based methodology for the creative stage and its design phases, with the natural element being the orchid. After analyzing the results and determining the best material, blue adhesive PS molds were made from the bioinspiration element, thus providing an ecologically sustainable destination for the waste and, furthermore, seeking innovation for the coatings market.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Design; Reaproveitamento de resíduos da construção civil; Argamassa e concreto; Biônica; Revestimento bioinspirado; Reuse of construction waste; Mortar and concrete; Bionics; Bio- inpired coating
Citação
MENEGUEL, Carolina Frota. Reaproveitamento de resíduos da construção civil para desenvolvimento de revestimentos bioinspirados. 2019. Monografia (Graduação em Design) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 04 dez. 2019. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2704.