Análise de efluente bruto e proposta de estação de tratamento de efluentes em indústria cervejeira do Vale do Taquari
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Data
2019-11
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Lehn, Daniel
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Resumo
Mundialmente conhecida, a cerveja é uma bebida alcoólica que tem conquistado espaço no mercado, sendo o Brasil o terceiro maior produtor mundial. Indústrias do ramo cervejeiro buscam melhorias e aumento de volume de produção, o que acarreta em geração de resíduos da fabricação, e o tratamento e descarte correto destes são essenciais para redução dos impactos ambientais. Legislações específicas foram criadas para determinar padrões de lançamentos de efluentes nos corpos receptores. O presente trabalho realizou o estudo do processo produtivo de cerveja Pilsen em uma indústria do Vale do Taquari, caracterizando o efluente gerado através de análises físico-químicas, e verificando a performance do sistema de tratamento de
efluentes atual da indústria. A partir da caracterização, foi realizado teste de tratamento preliminar do efluente e dimensionamento do processo de lodo ativado. Para a caracterização do efluente, foram feitas três campanhas de amostragem em três pontos do sistema de tratamento atual da fábrica e as determinações analíticas se deram em efluentes provenientes da etapa de produção da cerveja Pilsen e da etapa de limpeza da fábrica, sendo analisados teores de DBO5, DQO, sólidos sedimentáveis, pH, turbidez, fósforo total e nitrogênio total Kjeldahl. Para avaliar a eficiência de remoção de parte dos poluentes do efluente, testou-se a floculação a partir de ensaios de Jar Test, onde o efluente clarificado mostrou reduções expressivas de cor e turbidez e redução de DQO, indicando contribuição da floculação para alcançar os padrões de lançamento exigidos. O sistema de lodo ativado dimensionado a partir da caracterização do efluente bruto é composto de reator aeróbio de 56,23 m3, com tempo de retenção hidráulico de 4,32 dias, composto por sistema de aeração mecânica com dois aeradores superficiais. O decantador secundário dimensionado possui área superficial de 1,64 m2 e volume de 4,93 m3. Com este dimensionamento, estima-se que o sistema possa reduzir o valor de DBO5 inicial do efluente para 124,86 mg/L, que juntamente com ajustes no tratamento preliminar da empresa e a etapa de floculação, torna possível o atendimento dos padrões de lançamento exigidos pela legislação vigente.
Known worldwide, beer is an alcoholic beverage that has conquered space in the market, being Brazil the third largest producer. Brewing industries are looking for improvements and increased production volume, which leads to the generation of manufacturing waste, and their proper treatment and disposal are essential for reducing environmental impacts. Specific legislation was created to determine patterns of effluent discharges into recipient bodies. The present work carried out the study of the production process of Pilsen beer in a Taquari Valley industry, characterizing the effluent generated through physicochemical analysis, and verifying the performance of the current effluent treatment system of the industry. From the characterization, a preliminary effluent treatment test and sizing of the activated sludge process was performed. To characterize the effluent, three sampling campaigns were carried out at three points of the current treatment system of the factory and the analytical determinations were made in effluents from the Pilsen beer production stage and the cleaning stage of the factory. BOD5, COD, sedimentable solids, pH, turbidity, total phosphorus and total nitrogen Kjeldahl. To evaluate the efficiency of removal of part of the effluent pollutants, flocculation was tested from Jar Test assays, where the clarified effluent showed significant color and turbidity reductions and COD reduction, indicating flocculation contribution to reach the standards. release requirements. The activated sludge system dimensioned from the characterization of the raw effluent is composed of 56.23 m3 aerobic reactor, with hydraulic retention time of 4.32 days, composed by mechanical aeration system with two superficial aerators. The secondary decanter has a surface area of 1.64 m2 and a volume of 4.93 m3. With this sizing, it is estimated that the system can reduce the initial effluent BOD5 value to 124.86 mg / L, which together with adjustments to the company's preliminary treatment and flocculation step, makes it possible to meet the release standards. required by applicable law.
Known worldwide, beer is an alcoholic beverage that has conquered space in the market, being Brazil the third largest producer. Brewing industries are looking for improvements and increased production volume, which leads to the generation of manufacturing waste, and their proper treatment and disposal are essential for reducing environmental impacts. Specific legislation was created to determine patterns of effluent discharges into recipient bodies. The present work carried out the study of the production process of Pilsen beer in a Taquari Valley industry, characterizing the effluent generated through physicochemical analysis, and verifying the performance of the current effluent treatment system of the industry. From the characterization, a preliminary effluent treatment test and sizing of the activated sludge process was performed. To characterize the effluent, three sampling campaigns were carried out at three points of the current treatment system of the factory and the analytical determinations were made in effluents from the Pilsen beer production stage and the cleaning stage of the factory. BOD5, COD, sedimentable solids, pH, turbidity, total phosphorus and total nitrogen Kjeldahl. To evaluate the efficiency of removal of part of the effluent pollutants, flocculation was tested from Jar Test assays, where the clarified effluent showed significant color and turbidity reductions and COD reduction, indicating flocculation contribution to reach the standards. release requirements. The activated sludge system dimensioned from the characterization of the raw effluent is composed of 56.23 m3 aerobic reactor, with hydraulic retention time of 4.32 days, composed by mechanical aeration system with two superficial aerators. The secondary decanter has a surface area of 1.64 m2 and a volume of 4.93 m3. With this sizing, it is estimated that the system can reduce the initial effluent BOD5 value to 124.86 mg / L, which together with adjustments to the company's preliminary treatment and flocculation step, makes it possible to meet the release standards. required by applicable law.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cerveja; Processo produtivo; Tratamento de efluentes; Determinações analíticas; Teste de floculação; Sistema de lodos ativados; Beer; Production process; Effluent treatment; Analytical determinations; Flocculation test; Activated sludge system
Citação
CUNHA, Letícia Carolina Da. Análise de efluente bruto e proposta de estação de tratamento de efluentes em indústria cervejeira do Vale do Taquari. 2019. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Química) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 04 dez. 2019. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2735.