Tratamento de dejetos suínos visando ao reaproveitamento do efluente tratado, avaliação da produção de biogás e recuperação de nutrientes
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2020-06
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Hasan, Camila
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A suinocultura é uma atividade pecuária de grande importância econômica, auxiliando no desenvolvimento do país por meio da geração de emprego e renda. Um dos principais impactos ambientais desta atividade, refere-se à elevada quantidade de dejetos suínos gerados e sua concentração em pequenas propriedades rurais em função do regime de confinamento animal predominantemente adotado neste processo produtivo. Este tipo de resíduo apresenta uma alta capacidade poluidora quando não tratado adequadamente. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa avaliar a eficiência do tratamento de dejetos suínos por meio da digestão anaeróbia e de
tratamento físico e químico, a fim de realizar uma avaliação sobre a possibilidade de reaproveitamento do efluente tratado como água de reuso, do lodo como biofertilizante e do biogás como fonte de energia. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: na primeira, realizou-se a caracterização do dejeto suíno, a avaliação da produção e da qualidade de biogás utilizando o dejeto como substrato e, por fim, o tratamento do digestato resultante do processo de digestão por coagulo-floculação. O ensaio de digestão anaeróbia ocorreu pelo período de 44 dias e, após, foram realizados os testes de coagulo-floculação para identificar a melhor dosagem de coagulante e polímero capaz de gerar um clarificado possível de ser reaproveitado. Na segunda
etapa, uma nova amostra de dejeto suíno foi coletada e, após a sua caracterização inicial, aplicou-se a coagulo-floculação e somente o lodo sedimentado foi encaminhado ao processo de digestão anaeróbia. Os testes de coagulo-floculação não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, uma vez que não geraram um clarificado passível de reuso. Além disso, o coagulante adicionado interferiu de forma negativa na digestão anaeróbia do segundo ensaio. A digestão anaeróbia do dejeto suíno do primeiro e segundo ensaio gerou 1,55 e 5,43 L de biogás por kg de dejeto suíno respectivamente, com um percentual de metano de 67,71% para o primeiro ensaio e 40,63% no segundo, considerando a diferença na concentração dos sólidos totais existente entre o primeiro e segundo ensaio devido à ordem de aplicação da coagulo-floculação. Isso demonstra que os
resultados da digestão anaeróbia também não foram satisfatórios, visto que os valores de biogás obtidos ficaram abaixo de outros encontrados na literatura.
Pig farming is a livestock activity of great economic importance, helping the country's development through the generation of jobs and income. One of the main environmental impacts of this activity refers to the high amount of pig waste generated and its concentration in small rural properties due to the animal confinement regime predominantly adopted in this production process. This type of waste has a high polluting capacity when not properly treated. Due this, the aim of this work to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of swine manure through anaerobic digestion and physical and chemical treatment, in order to carry out an evaluation on the possibility of reusing the effluent treated as reuse water, the sludge as biofertilizer and biogas as an energy source. This type of waste has a high polluting capacity when not properly treated. Due this, the aim of this work to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of swine manure through anaerobic digestion and physical and chemical treatment, in order to carry out an evaluation on the possibility of reusing the effluent treated as reuse water, the sludge as biofertilizer and biogas as an energy source. The study was divided into two stages. The firts one is about the characterization of swine manure was carried out, the evaluation of the production and quality of biogas using the manure as a substrate and, finally, the treatment of the digestate resulting from the clot digestion process - flocculation. The anaerobic digestion test was carried out for a period of 44 days and, afterwards, clotting-flocculation tests were performed to identify the best dosage of coagulant and polymer capable of generating a clarified product that could be reused. In the second one, a new swine manure sample was collected and, after its initial characterization, coagulation-flocculation was applied and only the sedimented sludge was sent to the anaerobic digestion process. The coagulation-flocculation tests did not present satisfactory results, since they did not generate a clarified that could be reused. In addition, the added coagulant negatively interfered with the anaerobic digestion of the second trial. The anaerobic digestion of swine manure from the first and second trial generated 1.55 and 5.43 L of biogas per kg of pig manure respectively, with a methane percentage of 67.71% for the first trial and 40.63% in the second, considering the difference of the concentration of total solids between the first and second tests due to the order of application of the coagulo-flocculation. This analisys shows that the results of anaerobic digestion were also not satisfactory, since the biogas values obtained were below those found in the literature.
Pig farming is a livestock activity of great economic importance, helping the country's development through the generation of jobs and income. One of the main environmental impacts of this activity refers to the high amount of pig waste generated and its concentration in small rural properties due to the animal confinement regime predominantly adopted in this production process. This type of waste has a high polluting capacity when not properly treated. Due this, the aim of this work to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of swine manure through anaerobic digestion and physical and chemical treatment, in order to carry out an evaluation on the possibility of reusing the effluent treated as reuse water, the sludge as biofertilizer and biogas as an energy source. This type of waste has a high polluting capacity when not properly treated. Due this, the aim of this work to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of swine manure through anaerobic digestion and physical and chemical treatment, in order to carry out an evaluation on the possibility of reusing the effluent treated as reuse water, the sludge as biofertilizer and biogas as an energy source. The study was divided into two stages. The firts one is about the characterization of swine manure was carried out, the evaluation of the production and quality of biogas using the manure as a substrate and, finally, the treatment of the digestate resulting from the clot digestion process - flocculation. The anaerobic digestion test was carried out for a period of 44 days and, afterwards, clotting-flocculation tests were performed to identify the best dosage of coagulant and polymer capable of generating a clarified product that could be reused. In the second one, a new swine manure sample was collected and, after its initial characterization, coagulation-flocculation was applied and only the sedimented sludge was sent to the anaerobic digestion process. The coagulation-flocculation tests did not present satisfactory results, since they did not generate a clarified that could be reused. In addition, the added coagulant negatively interfered with the anaerobic digestion of the second trial. The anaerobic digestion of swine manure from the first and second trial generated 1.55 and 5.43 L of biogas per kg of pig manure respectively, with a methane percentage of 67.71% for the first trial and 40.63% in the second, considering the difference of the concentration of total solids between the first and second tests due to the order of application of the coagulo-flocculation. This analisys shows that the results of anaerobic digestion were also not satisfactory, since the biogas values obtained were below those found in the literature.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Digestão Anaeróbia; Biogás; Tratamentos Físicos e Químicos; Biofertilizante; Anaerobic Digestion; Biogas; Physical and Chemical Treatments; Biofertilizer
Citação
AREZI, Anderson. Tratamento de dejetos suínos visando ao reaproveitamento do efluente tratado, avaliação da produção de biogás e recuperação de nutrientes. 2020. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Química) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 16 jul. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2857.