Bioecologia de ácaros associados à cultura da soja transgênica na região oeste da Bahia
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Data
2019-12
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Johann, Liana
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Resumo
A soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.: Fabaceae) é a mais importante cultura agrícola brasileira. Durante todo seu ciclo de desenvolvimento, os cultivares são afetados por vários problemas fitossanitários, entre eles o ataque de ácaros fitófagos, cuja importância vem aumentando. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo
identificar a acarofauna associada a cultura da soja, variedade Monsoy 8349 IPRO, conhecer a distribuição espacial, a correlação entre fitófagos e predadores, a flutuação populacional, além de avaliar a influência dos ácaros na produtividade. As avaliações foram realizadas em uma área com soja transgênica subdividida em três tratamentos: T01, sem o uso de defensivos agrícolas, T02, pacote completo de defensivos exceto acaricidas, T03, pacote completo de defensivos. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, e após a confirmação da presença de ácaros, semanalmente. A cada coleta foram selecionadas 20 plantas por tratamento e dessas coletadas uma folha apical, mediana e basal, totalizando 60 folhas/tratamento. Foram encontrados um total de 1.248 ácaros, pertencentes a quatro famílias, três gêneros e seis espécies. A área T01, apresentou a maior riqueza, com cinco espécies e 224 indivíduos, seguida pela área T02 que apresentou
maior abundância com quatro espécies e 857 ácaros. A menor abundância e riqueza foi observada no tratamento T03 com três espécies e 165 indivíduos. As principais espécies de fitófagos encontrados foram Mononychellus planki Mcgregor e Tetranychus urticae Koch. Os principais ácaros predadores foram Neoseiulus transversus Denmark & Muma e Euseius concordis Chant. Verificou-se que a produtividade obtida pela variedade, Monsoy 8349 IPRO, não apresentou diferenças, independentemente da utilização de produtos fitossanitários. No entanto, o custo da produção da soja varia de acordo com o tratamento empregado.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.: Fabaceae) is the most important Brazilian agricultural crop. Throughout their development cycle, cultivars are affected by various phytosanitary problems, including the attack of phytophagous mites, whose importance has been increasing. Thus, this study aimed to identify the acarofauna associated with soybean crop, Monsoy 8349 IPRO variety, besides knowing the spatial distribution, the correlation between phytophagous and predators, the population fluctuation, besides evaluating the influence of mites on yield. The evaluations were carried out in a transgenic soybean area subdivided into three treatments: T01, without the use of pesticides, T02, complete pesticide package except acaricides, T03, complete pesticide package. The collections were performed fortnightly, and after confirming the presence of mites, weekly. In each collection, 20 plants were selected per treatment and from these collected an apical, median and basal leaf, totaling 60 leaves / treatment. A total of 1,248 mites were found, belonging to four families, three genera and six species. The T01 area presented the highest richness, with five species and 224 individuals, followed by the T02 area that presented the highest abundance with four species and 857 mites. The lowest abundance and richness was observed in treatment T03 with three species and 165 individuals. The main phytophagous species found were Mononychellus planki Mcgregor and Tetranychus urticae Koch. The main predatory mites were Neoseiulus transversus Denmark & Muma and Euseius concordis Chant. It was verified that the yield obtained by the variety, Monsoy 8349 IPRO, showed no differences, regardless of the use of phytosanitary products. However, the cost of soybean production varies according to the treatment employed.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.: Fabaceae) is the most important Brazilian agricultural crop. Throughout their development cycle, cultivars are affected by various phytosanitary problems, including the attack of phytophagous mites, whose importance has been increasing. Thus, this study aimed to identify the acarofauna associated with soybean crop, Monsoy 8349 IPRO variety, besides knowing the spatial distribution, the correlation between phytophagous and predators, the population fluctuation, besides evaluating the influence of mites on yield. The evaluations were carried out in a transgenic soybean area subdivided into three treatments: T01, without the use of pesticides, T02, complete pesticide package except acaricides, T03, complete pesticide package. The collections were performed fortnightly, and after confirming the presence of mites, weekly. In each collection, 20 plants were selected per treatment and from these collected an apical, median and basal leaf, totaling 60 leaves / treatment. A total of 1,248 mites were found, belonging to four families, three genera and six species. The T01 area presented the highest richness, with five species and 224 individuals, followed by the T02 area that presented the highest abundance with four species and 857 mites. The lowest abundance and richness was observed in treatment T03 with three species and 165 individuals. The main phytophagous species found were Mononychellus planki Mcgregor and Tetranychus urticae Koch. The main predatory mites were Neoseiulus transversus Denmark & Muma and Euseius concordis Chant. It was verified that the yield obtained by the variety, Monsoy 8349 IPRO, showed no differences, regardless of the use of phytosanitary products. However, the cost of soybean production varies according to the treatment employed.
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Palavras-chave
Glycine max; Mononychellus planki; Tetranychus urticae; Neoseiulus transversus; Euseius concordis
Citação
ROCHA, Suelia Santana. Bioecologia de ácaros associados à cultura da soja transgênica na região oeste da Bahia. 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 13 dez. 2019. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2871.