História ambiental e espacialidades Ítalo-brasileiras: um comparativo em territórios no norte italiano e ao norte do Rio Taquari/RS
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Data
2020-12
Autores
Orientador
Laroque, Luís Fernando Da Silva
Banca
Beneduzi, Luis Fernando
Barden, Júlia Elisabete
Zanini, Maria Catarina Chitolina
Harres, Marluza Marques
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Resumo
Os imigrantes italianos e descendentes que ocuparam os territórios ao norte do rio Taquari/RS a partir do final do século XIX são oriundos do norte italiano - Vêneto, Lombardia e Trentino Alto-Ádige, e encontraram no território emigrado um ambiente que apresentava semelhanças e diferenças com a região de origem. Os problemas levantados para investigação foram: Quais semelhanças e diferenças ambientais apresentavam os territórios ítalo-brasileiros? Quais situações e relações sócio-políticas são possíveis observar no decorrer do processo histórico nos territórios ítalo-brasileiros? Que atividades agropecuárias foram desenvolvidas e suas relações com os respectivos ambientes ítalo-brasileiros? A pesquisa investigou a História Ambiental dos italianos, imigrantes italianos e descendentes em espacialidades ítalo- brasileiras e o objetivo consistiu em analisar de forma comparativa o ambiente, questões sócio-políticas e as atividades agropecuárias entre os territórios ao norte da Itália e ao norte do rio Taquari entre os anos de 1860 a meados da década de 1910, apontando semelhanças e diferenças. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e comparativa, recorreu-se a revisão bibliográficas e pesquisa documental em arquivos na Itália e no Rio Grande do Sul. Realizou- se ainda pesquisa de campo com incursões etnográficas gerando diários de campo e a utilização da História Oral, tendo como amostragem vinte e quatro famílias interlocutoras em espacialidades ítalo-brasileiras. Os dados foram analisados como base em aportes teóricos da História Ambiental, espacialidades territoriais e atividades econômicas. Os resultados confirmaram a tese proposta evidenciando que as correlações ambientais nas regiões apresentam características distintas no que se refere ao relevo com altitudes no norte italiano de até 4.000m e ao norte do rio Taquari com apenas 1.000m. Enquanto as semelhanças referem-se à posição territorial geográfica ao “norte”, clima com invernos rigorosos e rios principais como é o caso do Pó e Taquari. Respectivamente ambos territórios possuem espécies da flora em família conífera e da fauna como a lebre (Lepus), Serelepe (Sciurus ingrami) e o cervo (Cervidae). Em situações sócio-políticas identificou-se similaridade em questões fundiárias, agrárias e da Primeira Guerra Mundial. As atividades econômicas possuem afinidades resultantes do desmatamento para as práticas agropecuárias, como a exploração madeireira, vitivinicultura, milho, feijão, trigo, gado e suinocultura, as quais eram voltadas para subsistência e fins comerciais onde o imaginário do homem domesticando a natureza foi bastante operante. Vale salientar que ao analisar questões ambientais ítalo- brasileiras abordou-se aspectos sobre recursos naturais, a biodiversidade e manejo florestal, portanto relacionados às Ciências Ambientais e alinhados a metas e Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Contatou-se, por fim, que investigando a História Ambiental foi possível acompanhar as ações do grupo étnico em estudo e as modificações que suas atividades socioeconômicas geram no meio ambiente.
The Italian immigrants and descendants who occupied the territories north of the Taquari River / RS from the end of the 19th century are from northern Italy - Veneto, Lombardia and Trentino Alto-Adige, and found in the emigrated territory an environment that presented similarities and differences with the region of origin. The problems raised for investigation were: What similarities and environmental differences did the Italian-Brazilian territories present? What socio-political situations and relations are possible to observe during the historical process in the Italian-Brazilian territories? What agricultural activities were developed and their relationship with the respective Italian-Brazilian environments? The research investigated the environmental history of Italians, Italian immigrants and descendants in Italian-Brazilian spatialities and the objective consisted of comparatively analyzing the environment, socio-political issues and agricultural activities between the territories in the north of Italy and in the north of the river Taquari between the years 1860 and the mid-1910, pointing out similarities and differences. The research had a qualitative and comparative approach, bibliographic review and documentary research in archives in Italy and Rio Grande do Sul was used. Field research was also carried out with ethnographic incursions generating field diaries and the use of Oral History, sampling twenty-four families interlocutors in Italian-Brazilian spatialities. The data was analyzed based on theoretical contributions of environmental history, territorial spatialities and economic activities. The results confirmed the proposed thesis, showing that the environmental correlations in the regions present different characteristics with regard to the relief with altitudes in the north of Italy up to 4,000m and in the north of the river Taquari with only 1,000m. While the similarities refer to the geographic territorial position to the "north", climate with harsh winters and main rivers such as Pó and Taquari. Respectively both territories have species of flora in a coniferous family and fauna such as the hare (Lepus), Serelepe (Sciurus ingrami) and the deer (Cervidae). In socio-political situations, similarity was identified in land, agrarian and World War I issues. It is worth mentioning that when analyzing Italian-Brazilian environmental issues, aspects of natural resources, biodiversity and forest management were addressed, therefore related to Environmental Sciences and aligned with the goals and Objectives of Sustainable Development. Finally, it was found that by investigating Environmental History it was possible to follow the actions of the ethnic group under study and the changes that their socioeconomic activities generate in the environment.
The Italian immigrants and descendants who occupied the territories north of the Taquari River / RS from the end of the 19th century are from northern Italy - Veneto, Lombardia and Trentino Alto-Adige, and found in the emigrated territory an environment that presented similarities and differences with the region of origin. The problems raised for investigation were: What similarities and environmental differences did the Italian-Brazilian territories present? What socio-political situations and relations are possible to observe during the historical process in the Italian-Brazilian territories? What agricultural activities were developed and their relationship with the respective Italian-Brazilian environments? The research investigated the environmental history of Italians, Italian immigrants and descendants in Italian-Brazilian spatialities and the objective consisted of comparatively analyzing the environment, socio-political issues and agricultural activities between the territories in the north of Italy and in the north of the river Taquari between the years 1860 and the mid-1910, pointing out similarities and differences. The research had a qualitative and comparative approach, bibliographic review and documentary research in archives in Italy and Rio Grande do Sul was used. Field research was also carried out with ethnographic incursions generating field diaries and the use of Oral History, sampling twenty-four families interlocutors in Italian-Brazilian spatialities. The data was analyzed based on theoretical contributions of environmental history, territorial spatialities and economic activities. The results confirmed the proposed thesis, showing that the environmental correlations in the regions present different characteristics with regard to the relief with altitudes in the north of Italy up to 4,000m and in the north of the river Taquari with only 1,000m. While the similarities refer to the geographic territorial position to the "north", climate with harsh winters and main rivers such as Pó and Taquari. Respectively both territories have species of flora in a coniferous family and fauna such as the hare (Lepus), Serelepe (Sciurus ingrami) and the deer (Cervidae). In socio-political situations, similarity was identified in land, agrarian and World War I issues. It is worth mentioning that when analyzing Italian-Brazilian environmental issues, aspects of natural resources, biodiversity and forest management were addressed, therefore related to Environmental Sciences and aligned with the goals and Objectives of Sustainable Development. Finally, it was found that by investigating Environmental History it was possible to follow the actions of the ethnic group under study and the changes that their socioeconomic activities generate in the environment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História Ambiental; Territórios Ítalo-brasileiro; Atividades Agropecuárias; Environmental History; Italian-Brazilian territories; Agricultural activities
Citação
TROMBINI, Janaíne. História ambiental e espacialidades Ítalo-brasileiras: um comparativo em territórios no norte italiano e ao norte do Rio Taquari/RS. 2020. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 15 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2977.