Os rios compõem histórias: os saberes e as percepções de sociedade tradicional e sociedade nacional em espaços da bacia hidrográfica Taquari-Antas
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Data
2020-12
Autores
Orientador
Laroque, Luís Fernando Da Silva
Banca
Périco, Eduardo
Rosa, Rogério Reus Gonçalves Da
Rodrigues, Cíntia Regia
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Resumo
As atividades da sociedade conectadas à natureza estão relacionadas e, portanto, fazem parte da produção sociocultural do espaço. Nos territórios delimitados pela Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas (BHTA), observa-se que as distintas sociedades buscaram ao longo do tempo determinados lugares para viver e manusear os recursos existentes, observando o ambiente para utilizá-lo para sua subsistência. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com o intuito de demonstrar a interação da sociedade com a natureza e a ocupação dos espaços da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, na perspectiva da Sociedade Tradicional e da Sociedade Nacional. Entendendo que os territórios são marcados e estabelecidos por relações de poder e manuseados de acordo com a lógica cultural das sociedades que o ocupam tem-se a problemática de pesquisa: Quais as percepções existentes dos integrantes e coletivos de Sociedade Tradicional e de integrantes da Sociedade Nacional no que tange a ocupação territorial de espaços da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas? Há articulações entre os saberes dos integrantes de Sociedade Tradicional e de integrantes de Sociedade Nacional em relação ao manuseio destes espaços? A partir dessa problemática, a tese teve por objetivo analisar as percepções, os saberes e as lógicas culturais de integrantes e coletivos de Sociedade Tradicional e de Sociedade Nacional no que tange a ocupação territorial, as relações de poder, os conhecimentos socioculturais e ambientais no que diz respeito aos espaços da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas. A metodologia de pesquisa debruçou-se em fontes documentais as quais foram consultadas em arquivos do CODEVAT e Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, bem como em revisões bibliográficas. Recorreu-se ainda a investigação em campo com a produção de diários, registros fotográficos e a realização de entrevistas utilizando-se da metodologia da História Oral, delimitando como amostragem para interlocução de 31 pessoas, composta por Pescadores artesanais do Vale do Taquari, indígenas Kaingang da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, integrantes do CODEVAT, do Comitê da BHTA, Geógrafos, Biólogos, Mãe de Santo e Líder de bairro, a maioria destes inseridos em espaços da BHTA. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa foram analisados tendo por base aportes teóricos alusivos a territorialidade, cultura e conhecimento tradicional. Os resultados comprovaram a tese de que em espaços da Bacia Taquari-Antas os saberes e a utilização dos territórios pela Sociedade Tradicional e Sociedade Nacional estão pautados nas suas próprias percepções sobre preservação, manuseio e desenvolvimento no que se refere a relação entre sociedade-natureza. Constatou-se, alinhado a área das Ciências Ambientais, que coletividades e integrantes da Sociedade Tradicional usufruem e manejam os espaços naturais pensando na sustentabilidade familiar e os integrantes da Sociedade Nacional utilizam os espaços da BHTA para o desenvolvimento econômico e urbanização, com a alegação que seus projetos se voltam para a preservação do meio ambiente. A partir dos dados pesquisados concluímos que a percepção histórica e sociocultural da Sociedade Tradicional, composta por Kaingang e pescadores artesanais, e Sociedade Nacional, representada na investigação pelo CODEVAT, Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, agentes acadêmicos e líderes comunitárias, demonstraram singularidades em relação a BHTA e estas percepções estão perpassadas pela cultura do grupo a que se inserem, a qual norteia a apropriação e o uso dos recursos naturais existentes no espaço.
The society activities connected to the nature are related and, therefore, they are part of the sociocultural production from the space. In the delimited territories by Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas (BHTA), it is possible to observe that the distinct societies seek through the time certain places to live and handle the existent resources, observing the environment to use it for subsistence. The research was developed with the purpose to demonstrate the interaction of the society with the nature and the occupation of the spaces of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, in the perspective of the Traditional Society and National Society. Understanding that the territories are marked and established by power relations and handle according with the society cultural logic that occupy it, there is the research problematic: Which the existent perceptions of the participants and collectives of Traditional Society and of participants of the National Society in terms of territorial occupation of Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas spaces? There are articulations between the knowledge of the participants of Traditional Society and of participants of the National Society in relation to handle of these spaces? From this problematic, the thesis had as objective to analyze the perceptions, the knowledge and the cultural logic of participants and collective of Traditional Society and National Society in relation to territorial occupation, power relation, the sociocultural and environment knowledge about Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas spaces. The research methodology focused on documental resources, which were consulted in files of the CODEVAT and Committee of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, as well in bibliographic reviews. In the investigation in field were created journals, photographical registers and the interviews with Oral History methodology, delimiting as sampling for interlocution of 31 people, composed by artisanal Fisherman of the Vale of the Taquari, Kaingang indigenous of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, participants of the CODEVAT, of the Committee of the BHTA, Geographers, Biologists, Saint Mother and District Leader, most of them inserted in spaces of the BHTA. The data collected in the research was analyzed based on theoretical basis allusive to the territoriality, culture and traditional knowledge. The results proved the thesis that in spaces of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas the wisdom and the utilization of the territories by the Traditional Society and National Society are guided in their own perception about preservation, handle and developed in relation between society-nature. It is possible to determine, aligned to the Ecosystem Science area, that collectivities and participants of the Traditional Society delight and handle the natural spaces thinking about familiar sustainable and the participants of the National Society use the spaces of the BHTA to the economic development and urbanization, with the claim that their projects are about environment preservation. Based on the research data it is possible to conclude that the Traditional Society historical and sociocultural perception, composed by Kaingang and artisanal fishermen, and National Society, represented in the investigation by CODEVAT, Committee of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, academics agents and community leaders, demonstrated singularities in relation to the BHTA and these perceptions are elapsed by the culture of the group that is inserted, which guides the appropriation and the use of the natural resources existent in the space.
The society activities connected to the nature are related and, therefore, they are part of the sociocultural production from the space. In the delimited territories by Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas (BHTA), it is possible to observe that the distinct societies seek through the time certain places to live and handle the existent resources, observing the environment to use it for subsistence. The research was developed with the purpose to demonstrate the interaction of the society with the nature and the occupation of the spaces of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, in the perspective of the Traditional Society and National Society. Understanding that the territories are marked and established by power relations and handle according with the society cultural logic that occupy it, there is the research problematic: Which the existent perceptions of the participants and collectives of Traditional Society and of participants of the National Society in terms of territorial occupation of Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas spaces? There are articulations between the knowledge of the participants of Traditional Society and of participants of the National Society in relation to handle of these spaces? From this problematic, the thesis had as objective to analyze the perceptions, the knowledge and the cultural logic of participants and collective of Traditional Society and National Society in relation to territorial occupation, power relation, the sociocultural and environment knowledge about Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas spaces. The research methodology focused on documental resources, which were consulted in files of the CODEVAT and Committee of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, as well in bibliographic reviews. In the investigation in field were created journals, photographical registers and the interviews with Oral History methodology, delimiting as sampling for interlocution of 31 people, composed by artisanal Fisherman of the Vale of the Taquari, Kaingang indigenous of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, participants of the CODEVAT, of the Committee of the BHTA, Geographers, Biologists, Saint Mother and District Leader, most of them inserted in spaces of the BHTA. The data collected in the research was analyzed based on theoretical basis allusive to the territoriality, culture and traditional knowledge. The results proved the thesis that in spaces of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas the wisdom and the utilization of the territories by the Traditional Society and National Society are guided in their own perception about preservation, handle and developed in relation between society-nature. It is possible to determine, aligned to the Ecosystem Science area, that collectivities and participants of the Traditional Society delight and handle the natural spaces thinking about familiar sustainable and the participants of the National Society use the spaces of the BHTA to the economic development and urbanization, with the claim that their projects are about environment preservation. Based on the research data it is possible to conclude that the Traditional Society historical and sociocultural perception, composed by Kaingang and artisanal fishermen, and National Society, represented in the investigation by CODEVAT, Committee of the Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, academics agents and community leaders, demonstrated singularities in relation to the BHTA and these perceptions are elapsed by the culture of the group that is inserted, which guides the appropriation and the use of the natural resources existent in the space.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sociedade Tradicional; Sociedade Nacional; Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari- Antas; Lógicas Culturais; Traditional Society; National Society; Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas; Cultural Logics
Citação
LAPPE, Emelí. Os rios compõem histórias: os saberes e as percepções de sociedade tradicional e sociedade nacional em espaços da bacia hidrográfica Taquari-Antas. 2020. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 08 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2978.