A projeção internacional da Turquia e seu papel na guerra da Síria
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2020-11
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Ferreira, Thiago Borne
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A República da Turquia, atualmente governada pelo Presidente Recep Tayyip Erdogan, tem se destacado no sistema internacional ao se tornar um país importante para o cálculo estratégico de grandes potências como Estados Unidos, Rússia e países europeus, principalmente pelo perfil de potência regional que tem buscado desempenhar no Oriente Médio. Após anos tentando adentrar ao bloco da União Europeia, na contemporaneidade, o país mudou seus interesses para tornar-se um líder regional. Para tanto, tenta atuar como possível apaziguador dos conflitos que a região vivencia. Um dos exemplos, a Guerra da Síria, se tornou um dos confrontos mais longevos e mortais da atualidade, envolvendo inúmeros atores estatais e não-estatais e servindo de palco para a projeção de poder das grandes potências mundiais. Originou-se em 2011, por manifestações de civis na busca pela democracia no Oriente Médio na chamada Primavera Árabe, vindo a tornar-se, posteriormente, um conflito armado. Por se tratar de um país em ascensão, e que passou recentemente por mudanças internas objetivando a modernização, torna-se interessante analisar como a Turquia se posiciona política e estrategicamente na região. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a política externa da Turquia, desde o período em que era o Império Otomano até a atualidade. Mais especificamente, busca-se compreender o papel da Turquia na Guerra Civil Síria e no sistema internacional. Após realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada em fontes secundárias, a hipótese de trabalho supõe que a Turquia busca obter maior influência nas regiões que a cercam aspirando participar de forma econômica e política nos Balcãs, no Mar Negro e nas repúblicas ex-soviéticas (Ásia Central, Europa e Oriente Médio) que falam turco. Ao interferir militarmente na Síria, além do objetivo de afastar o grupo étnico curdo de seu território, a Turquia também objetiva se aproximar de outros atores internacionais.
The Republic of Turkey, currently governed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has distinguished itself in the international system by becoming an important country for great powers such as the United States, Russia and the European Union, mainly due to the regional power that it has been playing in the Middle East. After years trying to join the European Union, Turkey has changed its interests to become a regional leader. Hence it has sought to present itself as a possible moderator for Middle Eastern conflicts. The Syrian Civil War, for example, has become one of the most long-standing and deadly wars in the world involving numerous state and non-state actors and serving as a stage for power projections by great powers. The conflict began in 2011 in the context of the so-called Arab Spring and later became an armed conflict. As it is a country in ascension, which has recently gone through internal changes aiming to modernise its institutions, it has become interesting to analyze the reasons that lead Turkey to position itself politically and strategically in the region. Therefore, this monograph aims at analyzing Turkey’s foreign policy since the times of the Ottoman Empire to the present. More specifically, it tries to understand Turkey's role in the Syrian Civil War and in the international system. After conducting a bibliographic based research, this text hypothesis holds that Turkey seeks to gain greater influence in the region by aspiring to participate economically and politically in the Balkans, in the Black Sea and in the ex-Soviet republics (Central Asia, Europe and the Middle East) which speak Turkish. By militarily interfering in Syria, in addition to the objective of removing the Kurdish ethnic group from its territory, Turkey also aims at becoming an internationally relevant actor.
The Republic of Turkey, currently governed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has distinguished itself in the international system by becoming an important country for great powers such as the United States, Russia and the European Union, mainly due to the regional power that it has been playing in the Middle East. After years trying to join the European Union, Turkey has changed its interests to become a regional leader. Hence it has sought to present itself as a possible moderator for Middle Eastern conflicts. The Syrian Civil War, for example, has become one of the most long-standing and deadly wars in the world involving numerous state and non-state actors and serving as a stage for power projections by great powers. The conflict began in 2011 in the context of the so-called Arab Spring and later became an armed conflict. As it is a country in ascension, which has recently gone through internal changes aiming to modernise its institutions, it has become interesting to analyze the reasons that lead Turkey to position itself politically and strategically in the region. Therefore, this monograph aims at analyzing Turkey’s foreign policy since the times of the Ottoman Empire to the present. More specifically, it tries to understand Turkey's role in the Syrian Civil War and in the international system. After conducting a bibliographic based research, this text hypothesis holds that Turkey seeks to gain greater influence in the region by aspiring to participate economically and politically in the Balkans, in the Black Sea and in the ex-Soviet republics (Central Asia, Europe and the Middle East) which speak Turkish. By militarily interfering in Syria, in addition to the objective of removing the Kurdish ethnic group from its territory, Turkey also aims at becoming an internationally relevant actor.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Turquia; Guerra da Síria; Oriente Médio; Turkey; Syrian War; Middle East
Citação
FREITAS, Tauana De. A projeção internacional da Turquia e seu papel na guerra da Síria. 2020. Monografia (Graduação em Relações Internacionais) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 08 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3082.