A contribuição do Centro de Defesa da Vida e dos Direitos Humanos Carmem Bascarán de Açailândia/MA e a promoção do desenvolvimento humano: uma análise a partir da abordagem das capacitações
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2015-05-04
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Barden, Júlia Elisabete
Banca
Barden, Julia Elisabete
Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
Rudnicki, Dani
Schuck, Rogério José
Bagolin, Izete Pengo
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Após 125 anos da abolição da escravatura, ainda existem focos de trabalho escravo no Brasil. Na região de Açailândia/Maranhão, que possui o terceiro Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do estado e tem como principal fonte econômica as indústrias beneficiadoras de minério, ainda é comum nas fazendas e carvoarias os trabalhadores serem expostos às condições de trabalho escravo. Tais condições representam uma violação dos direitos fundamentais e dos direitos humanos dos trabalhadores. Estes indivíduos, mesmo após serem libertados, ainda estão vulneráveis ao aliciamento, face à ausência de políticas públicas para o enfrentamento deste problema social. Neste cenário, foi criado em Açailândia/MA o Centro de Defesa da Vida dos Direitos Humanos Carmem Bascarán (CDVDH/CB), com objetivo de proporcionar um espaço para o acolhimento dos indivíduos que sofreram violação de direitos humanos. O CDVDH/CB possui uma sede, onde realiza o acolhimento dos trabalhadores e desenvolve atividades socioculturais e dois polos que produzem artesanato derivado de papel reciclado e móveis planejados, utilizados para a qualificação técnica, geração de renda e reinserção dos trabalhadores na sociedade. O CDVDH/CB conta com o apoio da esfera pública e privada para a realização das suas atividades, como a ONG Manos Unidas, Brazil Foundation, Petrobras, ONG Repórter Brasil, entre outras. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as contribuições realizadas pelo CDVDH/CB para o desenvolvimento humano de trabalhadores escravizados, tendo como referência a Abordagem das Capacitações de Amartya Sen. A escolha desta abordagem para delimitar o estudo se deu em função da estrutura normativa proposta por Sen, para a avaliação da desigualdade e do desenvolvimento humano. O método é qualitativo, baseado na pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com diretores do CDVDH/CB e trabalhadores assistidos, além da observação e análise de relatórios de prestação de contas do CDVDH/CB às empresas patrocinadoras. No tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que o CDVDH/CB tem como estratégia de apoio dividir suas ações em três eixos: Prevenção, Repressão e Inserção, desta forma, além de combater o trabalho escravo, objetiva-se reinserir o trabalhador na sociedade. Os trabalhadores demonstraram satisfação e se sentem seguros com o apoio promovido pelo CDVDH/CB. O estudo levou em consideração as cinco liberdades propostas por Sen: políticas, econômicas, sociais, transparência e segurança protetora. Após serem acolhidos pelo CDVDH/CB os trabalhadores tiveram suas capacidades expandidas. Como meio de expansão de liberdades os trabalhadores participam de qualificação profissional, obtiveram seus documentos pessoais e passaram a atuar em movimentos sociais e religiosos. Desta forma, tendo a liberdade como fim, a amplitude do ser e do fazer da pessoa, os colaboradores conseguiram atividade profissional remunerada, residência fixa, bens de consumo e lazer. Verificou-se que o apoio desenvolvido pela CDVDH/CB é referência no combate ao trabalho escravo no Maranhão, na reinserção desses trabalhadores no mercado e contribui para a promoção do desenvolvimento humano dos assistidos.
After 125 years of slavery abolishment, there still are slave work concentrations in Brazil. In the region of Açailândia/Maranhão that has the third Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the state and as it’s main source of income, the benefactoring industries of minerals, still is common for the workers of farms and coal mines to be exposed to slave work conditions. Such conditions represent a violation of fundamental and human rights of workers. These individuals, even after being freed, still are vulnerable to persuasion due to the absence of public policies. Because of that, in the city of Açailândia/MA, the Carmen Bascarán Human Rights and Defense of Life Center (CDVDH/CB) was created, with the objective of providing shelter to the individuals that suffered violation of human rights. The CDVDH/CB has a headquarters where they shelter the workers and hold social cultural activities and two places that produce artesian work derived from recycled paper and furniture utilized for the technical qualification and income for the workers in the society. The CDVDH/CB depends on the support of public and private circles to go on with their activities, as the Manos Unidas NGO, Brazil foundation, Petrobras, Reporter Brasil NGO, among others. This study, had and it’s objective, identify the contributions done by the CDVDH/CB to the human development of slave workers, having as reference Capability Approach of Amartya Sen. The choice of this approach to conduct the study, was because of Amartya Sen’s concept, to evaluate inequality and the human development. This method is qualitative based on the bibliographic, documental and field research. Interviews with the directors of CDVDH/CB were done, and workers attended, beyond the observation and analysis of stock reports from CDVDH/CB to the sponsoring companies. The content’s analysis was utilized in the data. It was identified that CDVDH/CB has as support strategy, to divide it’s bonds in three axes: Prevention, Repression and Insertion, so besides fighting against slave work, the objective is to reinsert the worker in society. The workers demonstrate satisfaction and feel safe with the help provided by CDVDH/CB. The study took into consideration the five liberties proposed by Sen: political, economical, social, transparency and safe protection. After being sheltered by CDVDH/CB, the workers were able to qualify their capabilities. As a way of freedom expansion, workers participated in professional qualifying, obtained their personal documents and started to act in social and religious movements. This way, they were able to get paying jobs, permanent homes, leisure and consumer goods. It was verified that the support given by the CDVDH/CB is a reference in the fight against slave work in Maranhão, by reinserting these workers in the market and contributing to assist in the development of the assisted.
After 125 years of slavery abolishment, there still are slave work concentrations in Brazil. In the region of Açailândia/Maranhão that has the third Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the state and as it’s main source of income, the benefactoring industries of minerals, still is common for the workers of farms and coal mines to be exposed to slave work conditions. Such conditions represent a violation of fundamental and human rights of workers. These individuals, even after being freed, still are vulnerable to persuasion due to the absence of public policies. Because of that, in the city of Açailândia/MA, the Carmen Bascarán Human Rights and Defense of Life Center (CDVDH/CB) was created, with the objective of providing shelter to the individuals that suffered violation of human rights. The CDVDH/CB has a headquarters where they shelter the workers and hold social cultural activities and two places that produce artesian work derived from recycled paper and furniture utilized for the technical qualification and income for the workers in the society. The CDVDH/CB depends on the support of public and private circles to go on with their activities, as the Manos Unidas NGO, Brazil foundation, Petrobras, Reporter Brasil NGO, among others. This study, had and it’s objective, identify the contributions done by the CDVDH/CB to the human development of slave workers, having as reference Capability Approach of Amartya Sen. The choice of this approach to conduct the study, was because of Amartya Sen’s concept, to evaluate inequality and the human development. This method is qualitative based on the bibliographic, documental and field research. Interviews with the directors of CDVDH/CB were done, and workers attended, beyond the observation and analysis of stock reports from CDVDH/CB to the sponsoring companies. The content’s analysis was utilized in the data. It was identified that CDVDH/CB has as support strategy, to divide it’s bonds in three axes: Prevention, Repression and Insertion, so besides fighting against slave work, the objective is to reinsert the worker in society. The workers demonstrate satisfaction and feel safe with the help provided by CDVDH/CB. The study took into consideration the five liberties proposed by Sen: political, economical, social, transparency and safe protection. After being sheltered by CDVDH/CB, the workers were able to qualify their capabilities. As a way of freedom expansion, workers participated in professional qualifying, obtained their personal documents and started to act in social and religious movements. This way, they were able to get paying jobs, permanent homes, leisure and consumer goods. It was verified that the support given by the CDVDH/CB is a reference in the fight against slave work in Maranhão, by reinserting these workers in the market and contributing to assist in the development of the assisted.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Trabalho escravo; Desenvolvimento humano; Abordagem das capacitações; Direitos humanos; Análise de Conteúdo
Citação
SILVA, Marcelo De Oliveira. A contribuição do Centro de Defesa da Vida e dos Direitos Humanos Carmem Bascarán de Açailândia/MA e a promoção do desenvolvimento humano: uma análise a partir da abordagem das capacitações. 2014. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 30 jun. 2014. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/726.