Avaliação do desempenho de três protótipos de desidratação de lodo classe I: desenvolvimento de um sistema que utiliza energia solar fototérmica
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Data
2016-05-19
Autores
Orientador
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Banca
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Konrad, Odorico
Reisdörfer, Gustavo
Título do periódico
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Resumo
Um dos principais subprodutos dos sistemas de tratamento de efluentes é denominado lodo, que é composto por diferentes substâncias, de acordo com a característica do efluente, e o tratamento ao qual foi submetido. Dentre os possíveis procedimentos adotados para tratamento, destaca-se a remoção da água em excesso, conhecida por desaguamento, que viabiliza etapas posteriores, como o transporte e disposição final. Os processos de desidratação podem ser realizados naturalmente, a partir do emprego de leitos de secagem, estruturas econômicas e de fácil operação que, entretanto, requerem extensas áreas e se caracterizam por serem demorados. Já os sistemas mecanizados, agregam maior valor na aquisição, implantação e operação, mas possuem a vantagem de menor tempo e espaço operacional. Diante disso, O objetivo do presente estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um protótipo que utiliza para aceleração da desidratação, energia de fonte renovável, a fototérmica, visando a diminuição do volume final e, em consequência, redução dos custos de disposição final do resíduo. Os coletores solares empregados no trabalho foram do tipo tubo a vácuo ou water-in-glass, que apresentam maior eficiência em diferentes condições meteorológicas. O lodo utilizado nos testes de desidratação foi gerado por uma indústria de produtos químicos do Vale do Taquari e, conforme seu processo produtivo, o composto final é classificado como Classe I, de acordo com a NBR 10.004/2004, da ABNT. O desempenho do protótipo que utiliza energia solar fototérmica foi medido e comparado aos outros dois protótipos também construídos no presente trabalho, um dos quais com as mesmas dimensões e condições, porém sem sistema de aquecimento e percolação, ao passo que o outro, simulava o sistema convencional de leitos de secagem, tratamento ora adotado na empresa. Os dados coletados foram analisados nos quesitos: Sólidos Totais (ST) e balanço de entrada e saída de lodo, em relação à massa e volume, em cada sistema. O lodo de entrada continha 13% de ST, sendo que os resultados mais satisfatórios atingidos foram 95% de ST para o sistema fototérmico, 22% e 39% de ST para os sistemas sem aquecimento e de leito de secagem, respectivamente. No balanço de entrada e saída de massa e volume, ao fim de cada experimento, o sistema fototérmico novamente se mostrou com maior eficiência, apresentando uma redução de 85% para a massa, e 72% para o volume. Já o sistema sem aquecimento obteve 43% de redução para a massa, e 43% para o volume, enquanto o sistema de leito de secagem reduziu 61% de massa e 56% do volume.
A major byproduct of the sewage treatment systems is called sludge, which is composed of different substances, according to the characteristic of the effluent, and the treatment to which it was submitted. Among the possible procedures adopted for treatment, there is the removal of excess water, known for dewatering, which enables subsequent steps, such as transport and final disposal. The dehydration process can be carried out naturally from the use of drying beds, economic structures and easy operation, which, however, require large areas and are slow processed. Nevertheless, the mechanized systems, add greater value in the acquisition, deployment and operation, but have the advantage of lower operating time and space. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a prototype that uses for accelerating dehydration, renewable energy source, photothermic, aiming at the reduction of the final volume and, consequently, reducing the waste disposal costs. Solar collectors employed at work were vacuum-tube type or water-in-glass, which have higher efficiency in different weather conditions. The sludge used in the dehydration trials was generated by a chemical industry of the Taquari Valley and, as its production process, the final compound is classified as Class I, according by NBR 10.004/2004 of ABNT. The prototype performance using photothermic energy was measured and compared to the other two prototypes also constructed for this project, one with the same dimensions and conditions, but without heating and percolation system, whereas the other, simulating the conventional system for drying beds, treatment that was actually adopted in the company. The collected data were analyzed in the following outcomes: Total Solids (TS) and sludge input and output balance according to mass and volume on each system. The entrance sludge had 13% of TS, which the most satisfactory result achieved was 95% of TS by the photothermic system. Systems without heating and drying bed had 22% and 39% TS, respectively. In the input and output balance mass and volume, at the end of each experiment, the photothermic system again proved to be more efficient, with a reduction of 85% for the mass, and 72% in volume. Whereas the system without heating obtained mass reduction of 43%, and 43% in volume, and the drying bed system reduced mass to 61% and 56% in volume.
A major byproduct of the sewage treatment systems is called sludge, which is composed of different substances, according to the characteristic of the effluent, and the treatment to which it was submitted. Among the possible procedures adopted for treatment, there is the removal of excess water, known for dewatering, which enables subsequent steps, such as transport and final disposal. The dehydration process can be carried out naturally from the use of drying beds, economic structures and easy operation, which, however, require large areas and are slow processed. Nevertheless, the mechanized systems, add greater value in the acquisition, deployment and operation, but have the advantage of lower operating time and space. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a prototype that uses for accelerating dehydration, renewable energy source, photothermic, aiming at the reduction of the final volume and, consequently, reducing the waste disposal costs. Solar collectors employed at work were vacuum-tube type or water-in-glass, which have higher efficiency in different weather conditions. The sludge used in the dehydration trials was generated by a chemical industry of the Taquari Valley and, as its production process, the final compound is classified as Class I, according by NBR 10.004/2004 of ABNT. The prototype performance using photothermic energy was measured and compared to the other two prototypes also constructed for this project, one with the same dimensions and conditions, but without heating and percolation system, whereas the other, simulating the conventional system for drying beds, treatment that was actually adopted in the company. The collected data were analyzed in the following outcomes: Total Solids (TS) and sludge input and output balance according to mass and volume on each system. The entrance sludge had 13% of TS, which the most satisfactory result achieved was 95% of TS by the photothermic system. Systems without heating and drying bed had 22% and 39% TS, respectively. In the input and output balance mass and volume, at the end of each experiment, the photothermic system again proved to be more efficient, with a reduction of 85% for the mass, and 72% in volume. Whereas the system without heating obtained mass reduction of 43%, and 43% in volume, and the drying bed system reduced mass to 61% and 56% in volume.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Desidratação de lodo; Leito de secagem; Energia solar fototérmica; Tubo a vácuo
Citação
VOGNACH, Diego Alexandre. Avaliação do desempenho de três protótipos de desidratação de lodo classe I: desenvolvimento de um sistema que utiliza energia solar fototérmica. 2015. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 24 nov. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/994.