Comparativo do potencial de produção de metano utilizando glicerol e sacarose como substrato orgânico, em reatores operados de forma descontínua alimentada
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Data
2016-05-25
Autores
Orientador
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Banca
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Konrad, Odorico
Borsoi, Cleide
Título do periódico
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Resumo
A crise energética que vem preocupando, não só o Brasil, mas todo o mundo, traz a necessidade da busca por fontes energéticas alternativas, como as energias renováveis que causam menos impacto ao meio ambiente. Outro problema enfrentado atualmente é a geração de resíduos e efluentes, que demandam tratamentos específicos e controles adequados. A utilização de biogás como fonte renovável de energia tem se mostrado cada vez mais atrativa, considerando o potencial de utilização de resíduos e efluentes como substrato orgânico, ou seja, através da digestão anaeróbia é possível utilizar o que seria material de descarte para produção de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial de geração de biogás com potencial energético (CH4 na sua composição), dos substratos glicerol e sacarose. O glicerol é subproduto oriundo de indústrias de fabricação de biodiesel, e possui cadeia orgânica complexa, comparada a sacarose, que se caracteriza por possuir fácil degradabilidade. Foram testados sistemas de digestão anaeróbia de operação descontínua (batelada) alimentada, em reatores (0,6 L de volume útil) e em reatores de bancada (19,2 L de volume útil). Três situações foram avaliadas, 3, 6 e 9% de glicerol em relação ao volume útil total de cada reator. Já a sacarose foi inserida nas mesmas concentrações de DQO resultantes das porcentagens de glicerol adicionadas. Nos experimentos com os reatores, a avaliação teve duração de 45 dias em cada situação proposta; e nos reatores de bancada, cada situação foi avaliada durante 15 dias. Finalizado os experimentos, percebeu-se que, das condições alimentadas com glicerol, a condição 6% foi a que mais produziu volumes de metano, e dos substratos utilizados, a sacarose, na condição 3%, foi a que mais produziu biogás com potencial energético. Verificou-se que o TDH e o pH apresentam grande influência no desenvolver do processo, podendo interferir nos resultados.
The energetic crisis that has been worrying, not only Brazil, but the whole world, brings the necessity to look for alternatives sources of energy, such as renewable energy which causes less impact to the environment. Another problem faced actually is the generation of waste and effluents, which demands specific treatment and appropriate control. The use of biogas as a renewable source of energy has been proving itself increasingly attractive, considering the potential of using of waste and effluents as organic substrate, in other words, by the anaerobic digestion it is possible to use what would be discarded to produce energy. The objective of this study was to compare the potential for biogas generation with energetic (CH4 on its composition), from the substrates glycerol and sucrose. The glycerol is a byproduct derivative from industries of biodiesel and has an complex organic chain, compared to sucrose that is characterized by having an easy degradability. Anaerobic digestion systems of discontinuous operation (batch) were tested, feed on reactors (0.6L of useful volume) and in stand reactors (19,2L of useful volume). Three situations have been analyzed, 3, 6 and 9% of glycerol compared to the total of useful volume from each reactor, instead of it, the sucrose was inserted on the same concentrations of DQO resulted from the percentage of glycerol added. On the experiments with the reactors, analyzes lasted 45 days in each proposed situation; and in the reactors of stand, each situation was analyzed for 15 days. Finished the experiments, it was noticed that, the alimentary conditions with glycerol, the 6% condition was the one that produced more volume of methane, and from the used substracts, the saccharose, on the condition of 3%, was the one the produced more biogas with energetic potential. It was noticed that TDH and pH have shown big influence on the develop of the process, maybe having influence on the results.
The energetic crisis that has been worrying, not only Brazil, but the whole world, brings the necessity to look for alternatives sources of energy, such as renewable energy which causes less impact to the environment. Another problem faced actually is the generation of waste and effluents, which demands specific treatment and appropriate control. The use of biogas as a renewable source of energy has been proving itself increasingly attractive, considering the potential of using of waste and effluents as organic substrate, in other words, by the anaerobic digestion it is possible to use what would be discarded to produce energy. The objective of this study was to compare the potential for biogas generation with energetic (CH4 on its composition), from the substrates glycerol and sucrose. The glycerol is a byproduct derivative from industries of biodiesel and has an complex organic chain, compared to sucrose that is characterized by having an easy degradability. Anaerobic digestion systems of discontinuous operation (batch) were tested, feed on reactors (0.6L of useful volume) and in stand reactors (19,2L of useful volume). Three situations have been analyzed, 3, 6 and 9% of glycerol compared to the total of useful volume from each reactor, instead of it, the sucrose was inserted on the same concentrations of DQO resulted from the percentage of glycerol added. On the experiments with the reactors, analyzes lasted 45 days in each proposed situation; and in the reactors of stand, each situation was analyzed for 15 days. Finished the experiments, it was noticed that, the alimentary conditions with glycerol, the 6% condition was the one that produced more volume of methane, and from the used substracts, the saccharose, on the condition of 3%, was the one the produced more biogas with energetic potential. It was noticed that TDH and pH have shown big influence on the develop of the process, maybe having influence on the results.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biogás; Glicerol; Sacarose; Metano; Digestão anaeróbia
Citação
CATANEO, Indianara. Comparativo do potencial de produção de metano utilizando glicerol e sacarose como substrato orgânico, em reatores operados de forma descontínua alimentada. 2015. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 24 nov. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/995.