Bactérias láticas: avaliação da resistência ao trato gastrintestinal simulado e encapsulamento com soros lácteos
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2017-01
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Souza, Claucia Fernanda Volken De
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Muitas bactérias láticas (BALs) são classificadas como probióticas, provendo benefícios à saúde quando ingeridas em quantidades adequadas. Para serem assim consideradas, um dos critérios é sua capacidade de tolerar as condições adversas do trato gastrintestinal humano (TGI). Entretanto, algumas cepas apresentam baixa resistência, sendo necessário proporcionar uma barreira física externa como proteção. Uma das metodologias mais propostas para esta finalidade é o encapsulamento. A técnica de spray drying é um dos métodos mais difundidos na indústria de alimentos para este fim. Ainda, outra forma da obtenção de encapsulados é a extrusão por tecnologia de vibração. Os subprodutos da indústria de laticínios são uma alternativa como material encapsulante na aplicação às condições adversas, em função de sua composição e por apresentarem potencial para a proteção dos microrganismos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar BALs tolerantes às condições ambientais do TGI simulado, visando o encapsulamento por spray drying e extrusão por tecnologia de vibração, empregando soros lácteos como material de parede. Desta forma, bactérias láticas isoladas de leite e queijo, disponíveis comercialmente e de coleções de cultura foram estudadas quanto ao potencial de sobrevivência às condições ambientais do TGI simulado. Bactérias com elevados níveis de viabilidade (acima de 70% de sobrevivência) às condições ácidas (pHs 2,5 e 3) e de alta concentração de sais biliares (0,5% (m/v)) foram selecionadas para encapsulamento. No microencapsulamento por spray drying, soro de queijo, permeado de soro e retentado de soro foram utilizados como material encapsulante para proteção de L. plantarum ATCC 8014. Soro de queijo e retentado de soro provaram ser o melhores materiais encapsulantes para proteger L. plantarum da alta temperatura aplicada no processo. As microcápsulas foram armazenadas por 56 dias a 20 ºC, ou inseridas em leite por 42 dias a 4 ºC, mantendo, ainda assim, a alta viabilidade célular. Quando expostas ao TGI simulado, apresentaram viabilidade acima de 8 UFC.mL-1. As microcápsulas formadas não apresentaram diferenças na morfologia e diâmetro de 7,0 ± 1,0 μm. No encapsulamento por tecnologia de vibração, soro de queijo e permeado de soro foram combinados com alginato de sódio 1,5% e pectina 1,25%, para proteção de L. plantarum ATCC 8014 e isolados L. paracasei ML33 e L. pentosus ML82. Não houve perda na viabilidade dos microrganismos após este processo de encapsulamento. Quando armazenadas por 28 dias a 4 ºC, apresentaram uma redução de 1 ciclo log, indiferente do isolado ou material encapsulante aplicado. Ainda, forneceu proteção na exposição ao TGI simulado, sendo o soro de queijo com melhor efeito protetor. Os encapsulamentos por spray drying e extrusão por tecnologia de vibração, assim como os soros lácteos, materiais encapsulantes aplicados, mostraram-se eficientes na proteção de BALs. São uma alternativa de aplicação, visando o aumento da vida de prateleira e proteção às condições adversas, num produto de alto valor agregado.
Many lactic acid bacteria (BALs) are classified as probiotic, providing health benefits when ingested in suitable amounts. To be thus considered, one of the criteria is its ability to tolerate the adverse conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, some strains have low resistance, being necessary to provide an external physical barrier as protection. One of the most proposed methodologies for this purpose is encapsulation. The spray drying technique is one of the most widespread methods in the food industry for this. Still another way of obtaining encapsulations is the extrusion by vibration technology. Dairy by-products are an alternative as encapsulating material in application to adverse conditions, depending on their composition and potential for protection of microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this work was to select BALs tolerant to the environmental conditions of the simulated GIT, aiming the encapsulation by spray drying and extrusion by vibration technology, employing dairy whey as a wall material. In this way, commercially available milk and cheese isolated lactic bacteria and culture collections were studied for the potential survival of the simulated GIT environmental conditions. Bacteria with high levels of viability (above 70% survival) to acid conditions (pH 2.5 and 3) and high concentration of bile salts (0.5% (w / v)) were selected for encapsulation. In microencapsulation by spray drying, whey, permeate and retentate were used as encapsulating material to protect L. plantarum ATCC 8014. Whey and retentate proved to be the best encapsulating materials to protect L. plantarum from high temperature applied in the process. The microcapsules were stored for 56 days at 20 ° C, or inserted into milk for 42 days at 4 ° C, while still maintaining high cell viability. When exposed to the simulated GIT, they presented viability above 8 CFU.g-1. The microcapsules formed did not present differences in morphology and diameter of 7.0 ± 1.0 μm. In the encapsulation by vibration technology, whey and permeate were combined with 1.5% sodium alginate and 1.25% pectin, to protect L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. paracasei ML33 and L. pentosus ML82 isolates. There was no loss in viability of the microorganisms after this encapsulation process. When stored for 28 days at 4 ° C, they showed a reduction of 1 log cycle, regardless of the isolate or encapsulating material applied. Furthermore, it provided protection in the simulated GIT exposure, being whey with the best protective effect. Spray drying and extrusion by vibration technology, as well as dairy whey, applied encapsulating materials, have proved to be effective in protecting BALs. They are an alternative of application, aiming the increase of the shelf life and protection to the adverse conditions, in a product of high added value.
Many lactic acid bacteria (BALs) are classified as probiotic, providing health benefits when ingested in suitable amounts. To be thus considered, one of the criteria is its ability to tolerate the adverse conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, some strains have low resistance, being necessary to provide an external physical barrier as protection. One of the most proposed methodologies for this purpose is encapsulation. The spray drying technique is one of the most widespread methods in the food industry for this. Still another way of obtaining encapsulations is the extrusion by vibration technology. Dairy by-products are an alternative as encapsulating material in application to adverse conditions, depending on their composition and potential for protection of microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this work was to select BALs tolerant to the environmental conditions of the simulated GIT, aiming the encapsulation by spray drying and extrusion by vibration technology, employing dairy whey as a wall material. In this way, commercially available milk and cheese isolated lactic bacteria and culture collections were studied for the potential survival of the simulated GIT environmental conditions. Bacteria with high levels of viability (above 70% survival) to acid conditions (pH 2.5 and 3) and high concentration of bile salts (0.5% (w / v)) were selected for encapsulation. In microencapsulation by spray drying, whey, permeate and retentate were used as encapsulating material to protect L. plantarum ATCC 8014. Whey and retentate proved to be the best encapsulating materials to protect L. plantarum from high temperature applied in the process. The microcapsules were stored for 56 days at 20 ° C, or inserted into milk for 42 days at 4 ° C, while still maintaining high cell viability. When exposed to the simulated GIT, they presented viability above 8 CFU.g-1. The microcapsules formed did not present differences in morphology and diameter of 7.0 ± 1.0 μm. In the encapsulation by vibration technology, whey and permeate were combined with 1.5% sodium alginate and 1.25% pectin, to protect L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. paracasei ML33 and L. pentosus ML82 isolates. There was no loss in viability of the microorganisms after this encapsulation process. When stored for 28 days at 4 ° C, they showed a reduction of 1 log cycle, regardless of the isolate or encapsulating material applied. Furthermore, it provided protection in the simulated GIT exposure, being whey with the best protective effect. Spray drying and extrusion by vibration technology, as well as dairy whey, applied encapsulating materials, have proved to be effective in protecting BALs. They are an alternative of application, aiming the increase of the shelf life and protection to the adverse conditions, in a product of high added value.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bactérias láticas; Trato gastrintestinal simulado; Spray drying; Extrusão por tecnologia de vibração; Soros lácteos
Citação
ECKERT, Camila. Bactérias láticas: avaliação da resistência ao trato gastrintestinal simulado e encapsulamento com soros lácteos. 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 27 out. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1203.