Avaliação e otimização de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto com sistema fossa e filtro de um município da Serra Gaúcha
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Date
2016-02-04
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Reisdörfer, Gustavo
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Reisdörfer, Gustavo
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Kronbauer, Marcelo Luis
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Abstract
Fornecer condições de qualidade de vida para a população através de uma estrutura adequada de saneamento ambiental é essencial para o desenvolvimento humano e social. A coleta, transporte e o tratamento de esgoto doméstico são de fundamental importância para a manutenção do equilíbrio dos corpos hídricos e a garantia da qualidade das águas de abastecimento. Este trabalho apresenta a avaliação de uma estação pública de tratamento de esgoto doméstico de pequeno porte, que recebe o efluente de uma comunidade de baixa renda de um município da Serra Gaúcha, e a otimização do sistema através da proposição e dimensionamento de um sistema de wetland construído para polimento final, e de melhorias no funcionamento da ETE, que foi projetada no ano de 1998 para receber uma vazão máxima de 275,62 m³.d-1. A fim de se avaliar a eficiência de remoção de poluentes pela ETE, foram realizadas análises mensais, de maio a outubro de 2015, a partir das quais foi possível observar que, mesmo alcançando faixas de eficiências dentro do esperado para esse tipo de sistema, com média de 64,42% de remoção de DBO5, 73% de DQO e 67,08% de SS, o tratamento não atinge o padrão de lançamento estabelecido pela Resolução CONSEMA 128/2006. Por isso, foi proposto um sistema de pós-tratamento por wetland construído de fluxo subsuperficial horizontal para melhoria da qualidade do efluente final. Também foi avaliado o dimensionamento do sistema fossa e filtro, composto por dois tanques sépticos interligados tipo Inmhoff seguidos de quatro filtros anaeróbios, e observado que, apesar de existirem alguns equívocos no projeto original, a capacidade da ETE é suficiente para atender a comunidade. No entanto, não é possível afirmar que o mesmo foi executado corretamente, devido a existência de inconsistência entre projeto e estrutura pronta. Essa avaliação foi feita com base nas NBR 7229/1993 e 13969/1997. Por fim foram sugeridas algumas melhorias na operação, como instalação de um dispositivo de retrolavagem nos filtros anaeróbios e instalação de um hidrômetro para estabelecer a vazão atual de lançamento.
Provide quality of life conditions for the population through an appropriate structure of environmental sanitation is essential for human and social development. The collection, transportation and treatment of domestic sewage are extremely important to maintain the balance of water bodies and ensuring the quality of drinking water. This paper presents the evaluation of a public sewage treatment plant, which receives the effluent from a low-income community in a city of Serra Gaucha, and the system optimization by proposing and designing a constructed wetland plant to the final polishing, and improvements in the functioning of the treatment station, which was designed in 1998 to receive a maximum flow rate of 275.62 m³.d-1. In order to evaluate the polluttant removal efficiency, monthly analyzes were carried out from May to October 2015, from which it was observed that, even reaching efficiencies bands as expected for this type of system, average of 64.42% removal of BOD, 73% of COD and 67.08% of SS, treatment does not reach the discharge standard established by CONSEMA Resolution 128/2006. Tha’s why, a constructed wetland to improve the quality of the final effluent has been proposed. It was also evaluated the design of the tanks and filters system, consisting of two interconnected septic tanks followed by four anaerobic filters, and noted that although there are some mistakes in the original project, the capacity of the plant is sufficient to treat the community sewage. However, it’s not possible to say that it was implemented properly, because there are some inconsistencies between designed and constructed structure. This evaluation was based on NBR 7229/1993 and 13969/1997. Lastly, some improvements in operation, such as installing a retrolagem device in anaerobic filters and installation hydrometer to establish the current flow release, have been proposed.
Provide quality of life conditions for the population through an appropriate structure of environmental sanitation is essential for human and social development. The collection, transportation and treatment of domestic sewage are extremely important to maintain the balance of water bodies and ensuring the quality of drinking water. This paper presents the evaluation of a public sewage treatment plant, which receives the effluent from a low-income community in a city of Serra Gaucha, and the system optimization by proposing and designing a constructed wetland plant to the final polishing, and improvements in the functioning of the treatment station, which was designed in 1998 to receive a maximum flow rate of 275.62 m³.d-1. In order to evaluate the polluttant removal efficiency, monthly analyzes were carried out from May to October 2015, from which it was observed that, even reaching efficiencies bands as expected for this type of system, average of 64.42% removal of BOD, 73% of COD and 67.08% of SS, treatment does not reach the discharge standard established by CONSEMA Resolution 128/2006. Tha’s why, a constructed wetland to improve the quality of the final effluent has been proposed. It was also evaluated the design of the tanks and filters system, consisting of two interconnected septic tanks followed by four anaerobic filters, and noted that although there are some mistakes in the original project, the capacity of the plant is sufficient to treat the community sewage. However, it’s not possible to say that it was implemented properly, because there are some inconsistencies between designed and constructed structure. This evaluation was based on NBR 7229/1993 and 13969/1997. Lastly, some improvements in operation, such as installing a retrolagem device in anaerobic filters and installation hydrometer to establish the current flow release, have been proposed.
Description
Keywords
Tratamento de esgotos domésticos; Fossa séptica; Filtro anaeróbio; Eficiência; Wetland construído
Citation
SCOTTÁ, Jéssica. Avaliação e otimização de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto com sistema fossa e filtro de um município da Serra Gaúcha. 2015. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 30 nov. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/945.