Associação entre o polimorfismo rs1801282 do gene PPARy2 e os nutrientes da dieta, sobre os parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos
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Data
2016-04-14
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Dalbosco, Simone Morelo
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Resumo
O excesso de adiposidade, especialmente na região abdominal está associado à presença de alterações metabólicas induzidas pela obesidade, como a resistência à insulina e a síndrome metabólica, que estão diretamente associadas à maior risco de doenças crônicas. A nutrigenética vem desvendando a forma como os fatores genéticos, se relacionam com os fatores ambientais, especialmente a dieta, influenciando no aparecimento destas doenças. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a interação entre o polimorfismo rs1801282 do gene PPAR2 e os nutrientes consumidos na dieta, e sua influência sobre os parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos. A amostra foi composta por 494 indivíduos adultos de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 18 a 60 anos, frequentadores do ambulatório de Nutrição do Universidade do Vale do Taquari Univates de Lajeado/RS. Todos os participantes do estudo foram investigados por anamnese, onde foram registrados dados referentes ao perfil antropométrico, bioquímico e consumo alimentar. Os parâmetros bioquímicos foram determinados usando Kits comerciais da marca Bioclin®. As variáveis do consumo alimentar foram coletadas através do recordatório de 24 horas e a análise dietética dos alimentos referidos foi calculada através do software Dietwin®, modelo Profissional, versão 2008. A extração de DNA foi realizada a partir da técnica descrita por Lahiri e Nurnberger (1991). O polimorfismo rs 1801282 do gene PPAR2 foi genotipado pela técnica de discriminação alélica TaqMan (Applied Biosystems®). As frequências alélicas foram estimadas por contagem direta e o Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg calculado através do teste quiquadrado. O papel do rs1801282 sobre desfechos quantitativos foi testado pelo teste t-Student, e Mann-Whitney quando desfecho não seguia a distribuição normal. A associação do SNP com as variáveis categóricas foi avaliado por Qui-Quadrado de Pearson. As interações gene-nutriente foram testadas por meio de regressão linear múltipla com modelagem backward stepwise manual. A partir dos resultados obtidos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais avaliados de acordo com os genótipos, entretanto, foram encontrados resultados significativos nos modelos analisados relacionados ao consumo de carboidrato e fibras sobre os níveis de glicose (mg/dl). Indivíduos portadores do alelo G apresentaram maiores valores de glicemia em uma situação de baixo consumo de carboidrato, e o contrário quando consumo aumentava (P=0,001). Um padrão similar foi observado em relação ao consumo de fibras (P=0,03). Também foi encontrada uma interação significativa nos modelos avaliados quanto ao consumo de lipídeos e 4 valores antropométricos [peso (P=0,02), índice de massa corporal (IMC) (P=0,04), circunferência da cintura (CC) (P=0,007) e relação cintura quadril (RCQ) (P=0,001)]. Indivíduos portadores do alelo G apresentaram perfil antropométrico mais favorável que os homozigotos para o alelo C, mas esse efeito foi perdido quando o consumo de lipídeos na dieta era elevado.
Excess adiposity, especially in the abdominal region, is associated to the presence of metabolic changes caused by obesity, such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which are directly connected to a higher risk of chronic diseases. Nutrigenetics has been uncovering the ways genetic factors relate to environmental factors, especially to diet, influencing the occurrence of such pathologies. This study intended to investigate the interaction between the rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPAR2 gene and the nutrients consumed in the diet, and their influence on anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The sample was composed of 494 adult individuals of both genders, between 18 and 60 years old, patients of the Ambulatory of Nutrition of the Univates University Center of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul. All participants were investigated through anamnesis, during which data concerning their anthropometric profile, biochemical profile, and food intake were recorded. The biochemical parameters were determined using Bioclin® commercial kits. Food intake variables were collected through a 24-hour diary, and dietary analysis of the mentioned foods was calculated using the Dietwin® software, Professional model, 2008 version. DNA sampling was performed using the technique described by Lahiri & Nurnberger (1991). The rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPAR2 gene was genotyped using the TaqMan allele discrimination technique (Applied Biosystems®). The allelic frequencies were estimated by direct counting, and the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was calculated through the chi-squared test. The rs1801282 function on quantitative outcomes was tested by the Student’s T test, and by the Mann-Whitney tests, when the outcome did not follow the usual distribution. The association of SNP with categorical variables was assessed by Pearson’s chi-squared test. The genenutrient interactions were tested through multiple linear regression with manual backward stepwise modeling. From the results obtained, significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters assessed according to genotypes were not observed. However, significant results were found in the analyzed models concerning carbohydrates and fiber intake on glucose levels (mg/dl). Individuals with the G allele presented higher glycemia levels in a low-carbohydrate intake scenario, and the opposite occurred when the carbohydrate intake increased (P=0.001). A similar pattern was observed in relation regarding intake (P=0.03). We also found a significant interaction in the assessed models concerning lipid intake and anthropometric values [weight (P=0.02), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.04), waist circumference (WC) (P=0.007), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P=0.001)]. Individuals with the G allele presented a more favorable anthropometric profile for the C allele than homozygote individuals, but this effect was lost when the lipid intake in the diet was elevated.
Excess adiposity, especially in the abdominal region, is associated to the presence of metabolic changes caused by obesity, such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which are directly connected to a higher risk of chronic diseases. Nutrigenetics has been uncovering the ways genetic factors relate to environmental factors, especially to diet, influencing the occurrence of such pathologies. This study intended to investigate the interaction between the rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPAR2 gene and the nutrients consumed in the diet, and their influence on anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The sample was composed of 494 adult individuals of both genders, between 18 and 60 years old, patients of the Ambulatory of Nutrition of the Univates University Center of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul. All participants were investigated through anamnesis, during which data concerning their anthropometric profile, biochemical profile, and food intake were recorded. The biochemical parameters were determined using Bioclin® commercial kits. Food intake variables were collected through a 24-hour diary, and dietary analysis of the mentioned foods was calculated using the Dietwin® software, Professional model, 2008 version. DNA sampling was performed using the technique described by Lahiri & Nurnberger (1991). The rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPAR2 gene was genotyped using the TaqMan allele discrimination technique (Applied Biosystems®). The allelic frequencies were estimated by direct counting, and the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was calculated through the chi-squared test. The rs1801282 function on quantitative outcomes was tested by the Student’s T test, and by the Mann-Whitney tests, when the outcome did not follow the usual distribution. The association of SNP with categorical variables was assessed by Pearson’s chi-squared test. The genenutrient interactions were tested through multiple linear regression with manual backward stepwise modeling. From the results obtained, significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters assessed according to genotypes were not observed. However, significant results were found in the analyzed models concerning carbohydrates and fiber intake on glucose levels (mg/dl). Individuals with the G allele presented higher glycemia levels in a low-carbohydrate intake scenario, and the opposite occurred when the carbohydrate intake increased (P=0.001). A similar pattern was observed in relation regarding intake (P=0.03). We also found a significant interaction in the assessed models concerning lipid intake and anthropometric values [weight (P=0.02), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.04), waist circumference (WC) (P=0.007), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P=0.001)]. Individuals with the G allele presented a more favorable anthropometric profile for the C allele than homozygote individuals, but this effect was lost when the lipid intake in the diet was elevated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
PPAR gama; Macronutrientes; Antropometria; Glicemia
Citação
MIRALLES, Clara Silvana Weiler. Associação entre o polimorfismo rs1801282 do gene PPARy2 e os nutrientes da dieta, sobre os parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos. 2015. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 27 fev. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/962.