Produção de biodiesel visando a redução do glicerol
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-05-25
Autores
Orientador
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Banca
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Konrad, Odorico
Stülp, Simone
Título do periódico
ISSN
Título do Volume
Editor
Resumo
O biodiesel surgiu como um combustível renovável com grande potencial para substituir o óleo diesel derivado do petróleo. É um combustível biodegradável e pouco tóxico, produzido através da reação de transesterificação. Vários óleos vegetais podem ser utilizados como matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel, mas a utilização destes é considerada inviável devido ao seu alto custo e do seu uso na alimentação. O óleo residual de fritura é uma matéria-prima promissora na fabricação do biodiesel, pois o mesmo possui um preço mais baixo de mercado e sua utilização beneficia o meio ambiente, reduzindo o impacto do lançamento de resíduos provenientes do óleo de cozinha. Da produção do biodiesel, é formado o subproduto denominado glicerol, que pode ser utilizado como matéria-prima nas indústrias de cosméticos, tabacos, fármacos, alimentos e outros. Mas para poder ser comercializado, o glicerol precisa ser purificado, com isso, o preço de mercado do mesmo se torna elevado. Com a crescente produção de biodiesel, aumentou-se a produção de glicerol, gerando volumes superiores ao demandado pelo mercado. Diante deste problema, o objetivo do trabalho foi produzir biodiesel a partir do óleo residual de fritura, visando reduzir a quantidade de glicerol presente no mesmo. Para isso foi utilizado diferentes quantidades de catalisadores (metilato de sódio, hidróxido de sódio e mistura de ambos), e 50 g de metanol (álcool) na reação de transesterificação. Além da redução da produção do glicerol, objetivou-se, também, a análise da qualidade do biodiesel, através das análises de índice de acidez, teor de umidade, massa específica a 20 °C e teor de ésteres. Os resultados foram comparados com as normas exigidas pela Resolução nº 45/2014 da Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP), para a comercialização do biodiesel. De todas as misturas testadas, o melhor resultado ocorreu na amostra que recebeu a mistura de 1g de metilato de sódio e 50 g de metanol, apresentando rendimento de 90,4 g (59,8%) de biodiesel e apenas 36,8 g (24,3%) de glicerol. Segundo pesquisas realizadas em bibliografias, em que foram utilizadas quantidades semelhantes de óleo, álcool e catalisador (metilato de sódio), obteve-se 83,2 g (54,7%) de biodiesel e 35,8 g (23,5%) de glicerol. A partir da avaliação dos resultados da melhor condição obtida no presente trabalho, verificou-se que houve aumento no rendimento do biodiesel, com mínima alteração na quantidade final de glicerol produzido, de acordo com a bibliografia analisada. O biodiesel desta mistura se enquadrou nos parâmetros analisados segundo as normas exigidas pela ANP, permanecendo com as características adequadas para ser utilizado nos motores.
Biodiesel emerged as a renewable fuel with a great potential to replace diesel derived from petroleum. It is a biodegradable fuel and slightly toxic, produced by transesterification. Several vegetable oils can be used as feedstocks for the production of biodiesel, but its use is considered impracticable due to the high cost and its use in feeding. The waste cooking oil is a promising feedstock on biodiesel manufacture, because it has a lower market price and its use benefits the environment, reducing the impact of waste discharge from cooking oil. The byproduct glycerol is formed from biodiesel production, which can be used as raw material in cosmetics industry, tobacco, drug substances, foods, and others. However, in order to be commercialized, glycerol needs to be purified, thus, its market price becomes high. With the growing production of biodiesel, the production of glycerol increased, generating higher volumes than demanded by the market. Up against this problem, the purpose of this paper was to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil, aiming to reduce the amount of glycerol present in it. To perform it, different amounts of catalysts were used (sodium methylate, sodium hydroxide and a mixture of both), and 50 g of methanol (alcohol) in transesterification reaction. Besides the reduction of glycerol production, we also aimed the analysis of the biodiesel quality through the analysis of acidity index, moister content, specific mass at 20ºC and esters content. The results were compared to the principles required by the Resolution nr. 45/2014 of the National Petroleum Agency (Agência Nacional do Petróleo –ANP), for the commercialization of biodiesel. Of all the mixtures tested, the best result happened in the sample that got a mixture of 1g of sodium methylate and 50 g of methanol, presenting 90.4 g (59.8%) yield of biodiesel and just 36.8 g (24.3%) of glycerol. According to researches carried out in bibliographies in which similar quantities of oil were used, alcohol and catalyst (sodium methylate), 83.2 g (54.7%) of biodiesel and 35.8 g (23.5%) of glycerol was obtained. From the evaluation of the results of the best conditions obtained in the present work, it was verified that there was an increased yield of biodiesel, with minimal change in the final amount of glycerol produced, according to the analyzed bibliography. The biodiesel of this mixture is in the analyzed parameters according to the norms required by ANP, remaining with the appropriate features to be used in engines
Biodiesel emerged as a renewable fuel with a great potential to replace diesel derived from petroleum. It is a biodegradable fuel and slightly toxic, produced by transesterification. Several vegetable oils can be used as feedstocks for the production of biodiesel, but its use is considered impracticable due to the high cost and its use in feeding. The waste cooking oil is a promising feedstock on biodiesel manufacture, because it has a lower market price and its use benefits the environment, reducing the impact of waste discharge from cooking oil. The byproduct glycerol is formed from biodiesel production, which can be used as raw material in cosmetics industry, tobacco, drug substances, foods, and others. However, in order to be commercialized, glycerol needs to be purified, thus, its market price becomes high. With the growing production of biodiesel, the production of glycerol increased, generating higher volumes than demanded by the market. Up against this problem, the purpose of this paper was to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil, aiming to reduce the amount of glycerol present in it. To perform it, different amounts of catalysts were used (sodium methylate, sodium hydroxide and a mixture of both), and 50 g of methanol (alcohol) in transesterification reaction. Besides the reduction of glycerol production, we also aimed the analysis of the biodiesel quality through the analysis of acidity index, moister content, specific mass at 20ºC and esters content. The results were compared to the principles required by the Resolution nr. 45/2014 of the National Petroleum Agency (Agência Nacional do Petróleo –ANP), for the commercialization of biodiesel. Of all the mixtures tested, the best result happened in the sample that got a mixture of 1g of sodium methylate and 50 g of methanol, presenting 90.4 g (59.8%) yield of biodiesel and just 36.8 g (24.3%) of glycerol. According to researches carried out in bibliographies in which similar quantities of oil were used, alcohol and catalyst (sodium methylate), 83.2 g (54.7%) of biodiesel and 35.8 g (23.5%) of glycerol was obtained. From the evaluation of the results of the best conditions obtained in the present work, it was verified that there was an increased yield of biodiesel, with minimal change in the final amount of glycerol produced, according to the analyzed bibliography. The biodiesel of this mixture is in the analyzed parameters according to the norms required by ANP, remaining with the appropriate features to be used in engines
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Combustível renovável; Catalisadores; Metanol; Óleo residual de fritura
Citação
NICHEL, Luana. Produção de biodiesel visando a redução do glicerol. 2015. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 25 nov. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/996.