Avaliação do processo de compostagem considerando a relação carbono/nitrogênio
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Date
2017-01
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Konrad, Odorico
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Abstract
A compostagem é um processo dinâmico, onde grande variedade de populações microbianas desempenham papéis fundamentais na biotransformação de substratos orgânicos. O produto final, conhecido como composto apresenta-se como uma ferramenta eficiente para processos de biorremediação ou restauração dos solos empobrecidos, pois tem a capacidade de melhorar as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas, em particular, aumentando nutrientes disponíveis principalmente nas frações orgânica do solo. Para garantir a eficiência do processo de compostagem é importante que alguns aspectos sejam observados a fim de proporcionar condições favoráveis para que os microrganismos aeróbios possam se multiplicar e transformar a matéria orgânica. O conjunto de aspectos condicionantes para um avanço no processo biológico de compostagem são: uma combinação ótima de umidade, aeração, temperatura, pH, granulometria e a relação Carbono/Nitrogênio, que é um dos fatores que mais afeta a qualidade do processo de compostagem, pois os microrganismos absorvem o carbono e nitrogênio sempre na relação 30:1. Se a relação for baixa, haverá desprendimento de amônia, danosa às plantas, e se ao contrário, ocorre uma deficiência de nitrogênio. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o processo de compostagem de dejetos suínos com serragem levando em consideração a relação carbono/nitrogênio ideal de 30:1 e também de 15:1. Para isso, reatores em escala piloto, com aeração, revolvimento e medidores de temperatura foram utilizados para compostar esses materiais. O composto iniciado com a relação Carbono/Nitrogênio de 30:1 comparado a de 15:1 apresenta-se como a melhor relação para o processo de compostagem, pois utiliza as quantidades ideais de Carbono e Nitrogênio das amostras. As temperaturas da relação C/N 30:1 apresentaram temperatura superior a 36ºC, enquanto que a temperatura ambiente era de 19,3 °C. Já a relação 15:1 alcançou 26,6°C, sendo que nesse mesmo dia a ambiente encontrava-se com temperatura de 21,3°C. Além do tempo necessário para compostar os materiais diminuir com a relação 30:1, gerou um bom composto.
Composting is a dynamic process where a wide variety of microbial populations play key roles in the biotransformation of organic substrates. The final product, known as compound is presented as an efficient tool for bioremediation and the restoration of depleted soils, it has the ability to improve physical, chemical and biological properties, in particular increased nutrient available mainly in organic soil fractions. To ensure the efficiency of the composting process is important that some aspects are observed in order to provide favorable conditions for aerobic microorganisms can multiply and transform organic matter. The set of constraints aspects of a breakthrough in biological composting process are: a great combination of moisture, aeration, temperature, pH, particle size and the carbon/nitrogen ratio, which is one of the factors that most affect the quality of the composting process, as the microorganisms absorb carbon and nitrogen when the ratio of 30:1. If the ratio is low, there will release ammonia, harmful to plants, and instead there is a nitrogen deficiency. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the composting process of swine manure with sawdust taking into account the ideal carbon/nitrogen ratio of 30:1 and also 15:1. For this, pilot scale reactors with aeration, stirring and temperature meters were used to compost these materials. The compound started with the Carbon / Nitrogen ratio of 30:1 compared to 15:1 is the best ratio for the composting process, since it uses the ideal amounts of Carbon and Nitrogen in the samples. The temperatures of the C / N 30: 1 ratio had a temperature above 36 ° C, while the ambient temperature was 19.3 ° C. The 15: 1 ratio reached 26.6 ° C, and on that same day the atmosphere was at 21.3 ° C. In addition to the time required to compost the materials decrease with the 30: 1 ratio, it generated a good compound.
Composting is a dynamic process where a wide variety of microbial populations play key roles in the biotransformation of organic substrates. The final product, known as compound is presented as an efficient tool for bioremediation and the restoration of depleted soils, it has the ability to improve physical, chemical and biological properties, in particular increased nutrient available mainly in organic soil fractions. To ensure the efficiency of the composting process is important that some aspects are observed in order to provide favorable conditions for aerobic microorganisms can multiply and transform organic matter. The set of constraints aspects of a breakthrough in biological composting process are: a great combination of moisture, aeration, temperature, pH, particle size and the carbon/nitrogen ratio, which is one of the factors that most affect the quality of the composting process, as the microorganisms absorb carbon and nitrogen when the ratio of 30:1. If the ratio is low, there will release ammonia, harmful to plants, and instead there is a nitrogen deficiency. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the composting process of swine manure with sawdust taking into account the ideal carbon/nitrogen ratio of 30:1 and also 15:1. For this, pilot scale reactors with aeration, stirring and temperature meters were used to compost these materials. The compound started with the Carbon / Nitrogen ratio of 30:1 compared to 15:1 is the best ratio for the composting process, since it uses the ideal amounts of Carbon and Nitrogen in the samples. The temperatures of the C / N 30: 1 ratio had a temperature above 36 ° C, while the ambient temperature was 19.3 ° C. The 15: 1 ratio reached 26.6 ° C, and on that same day the atmosphere was at 21.3 ° C. In addition to the time required to compost the materials decrease with the 30: 1 ratio, it generated a good compound.
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Keywords
Dejeto suíno; Serragem; Resíduos; Composto
Citation
BRIETZKE, Débora Tairini. Avaliação do processo de compostagem considerando a relação carbono/nitrogênio. 2016. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 14 dez. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1398.