Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de rastreadores solar de dois eixos e avaliação do desempenho em comparação com um sistema de eixo fixo
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Date
2023-06
Authors
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Carvalho, Fábio Medeiros De
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Käfer, Aline Thaís
Nogueira, Marcelo Domingues
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Abstract
A tendência mundial é de que ocorra aumento da utilização de energias no planeta. Dentre as matrizes cujo consumo deverá aumentar está a energia elétrica. Esta forma de geração e utilização de energia se mostra cada dia mais importante na matriz energética global. Dentre os métodos de geração de energia elétrica disponíveis, as energias renováveis e menos poluentes, que liberam reduzida quantidade de emissões atmosféricas, tendem a ter um espaço cada vez maior, devido a busca por alternativas viáveis e sustentáveis de geração. No leque das energias renováveis disponíveis, a energia solar fotovoltaica se mostra uma alternativa significativa e com grande capacidade de geração de energia limpa, eficiente e renovável. Todo o território Brasileiro possui índices elevados de disponibilidade de energia solar, isto contribui para o aumento na participação da fonte na matriz energética brasileira atualmente. O presente trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um sistema de rastreamento solar micro controlado, que através da medição de sensores construídos com células fotovoltaicas, tem a finalidade de orientar os painéis solares de maneira perpendicular ao sol ao longo do tempo, para que seja possível obter uma maior eficiência do sistema. Outro intuito do trabalho foi realizar a comparação entre o sistema micro controlado proposto e um painel fixo em condições equivalentes para que seja possível comparar as eficiências. Foram apresentados os métodos e materiais utilizados para a execução do projeto em questão, bem como os resultados obtidos através de testes realizados em campo. Os resultados obtidos nos testes mostraram que o sistema móvel proposto teve uma eficiência de captação de energia maior do que o painel de posição fixa, sendo esta 26,1% superior durante o período medido, descontando a energia gasta para controle e movimentação a energia gerada foi 16,2% maior.
The worldwide trend is for an increase in the use of energy on the planet. Among the matrices whose consumption should increase is electricity. This form of energy generation and use is becoming increasingly important in the global energy matrix. Among the available electricity generation methods, renewable and less polluting energies, which release a reduced amount of atmospheric emissions, tend to have an increasing space, due to the search for viable and sustainable generation alternatives. In the range of available renewable energies, photovoltaic solar energy proves to be a significant alternative with great capacity for generating clean, efficient and renewable energy. The entire Brazilian territory has high rates of solar energy availability, which contributes to the increase in the share of the source in the Brazilian energy matrix today. The present work deals with the development of a micro-controlled solar tracking system, which, through the measurement of sensors built with photovoltaic cells, has the purpose of orienting the solar panels perpendicularly to the sun over time, so that it is possible to obtain a greater system efficiency. Another purpose of the work was to compare the proposed micro-controlled system and a fixed panel under equivalent conditions so that it is possible to compare the efficiencies. The methods and materials used for the execution of the project in question were presented, as well as the results obtained through tests carried out in the field. The results obtained in the tests showed that the proposed mobile system had a higher energy capture efficiency than the fixed position panel, which was 26.1% higher during the measured period, discounting the energy spent to control and move the generated energy. was 16.2% higher.
The worldwide trend is for an increase in the use of energy on the planet. Among the matrices whose consumption should increase is electricity. This form of energy generation and use is becoming increasingly important in the global energy matrix. Among the available electricity generation methods, renewable and less polluting energies, which release a reduced amount of atmospheric emissions, tend to have an increasing space, due to the search for viable and sustainable generation alternatives. In the range of available renewable energies, photovoltaic solar energy proves to be a significant alternative with great capacity for generating clean, efficient and renewable energy. The entire Brazilian territory has high rates of solar energy availability, which contributes to the increase in the share of the source in the Brazilian energy matrix today. The present work deals with the development of a micro-controlled solar tracking system, which, through the measurement of sensors built with photovoltaic cells, has the purpose of orienting the solar panels perpendicularly to the sun over time, so that it is possible to obtain a greater system efficiency. Another purpose of the work was to compare the proposed micro-controlled system and a fixed panel under equivalent conditions so that it is possible to compare the efficiencies. The methods and materials used for the execution of the project in question were presented, as well as the results obtained through tests carried out in the field. The results obtained in the tests showed that the proposed mobile system had a higher energy capture efficiency than the fixed position panel, which was 26.1% higher during the measured period, discounting the energy spent to control and move the generated energy. was 16.2% higher.
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Keywords
Rastreamento solar; Sustentabilidade; Energias renováveis; Energia fotovoltaica; Eficiência energética; Solar tracking; Sustainability; Renewable energy; Photovoltaic energy; Energy efficiency
Citation
PERGHER, Juliano Elbri. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PROTÓTIPO DE RASTREADOR SOLAR DE DOIS EIXOS E AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO EM COMPARAÇÃO COM UM SISTEMA DE EIXO FIXO. 2023. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 06 jul. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3761.