Avaliação sazonal do efluente do sistema de pós-tratamento com Wetland construído em vinícola da Serra Gaúcha
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Data
2016-02-04
Autores
Orientador
Konrad, Odorico
Banca
Konrad, Odorico
Silva, Maria Cristina De Almeida
Tonetto, Jaqueline Fernandes
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Resumo
A produção de vinhos no Brasil, em sua maior parte se localiza no Rio Grande do Sul e está em constante crescimento, e junto a isso a crescente preocupação com o tratamento dos efluentes. Os efluentes gerados nos processos de vinificação trazem na sua composição concentração de matéria orgânica que varia dependendo da época do ano (no pico da safra que ocorre entre fevereiro e abril a carga orgânica é mais elevada), o que é considerado um problema quando disposto em ambiente natural sem o devido tratamento. Existem inúmeros sistemas para tratamento, porém é importante avaliar a sua eficiência e o custo para sua implantação, operação e manutenção. O presente estudo avaliou a eficiência sazonal de tratamento de efluente de vinícolas através de processos físico-químicos e biológicos, e como polimento final o uso de Wetlands construídos localizada na Serra Gaúcha. O Wetland construído é uma biotecnologia semelhante aos banhados naturais, é um tratamento biológico simples e eficiente em que as macrófitas, o substrato e os microrganismos presentes são os responsáveis pelos mecanismos de remoção de poluentes. A avaliação ocorreu o período de fevereiro de 2015 a novembro de 2015, totalizando nove meses, desta forma é possível acompanhar o desempenho do Wetland ao longo de todas as estações do ano. A metodologia foi baseada na análise da eficiência, através de parâmetros físicos e químicos de qualidade do efluente. Os resultados mostram remoções satisfatórias para DQO (77,56 – 94,27 %); DBO (-26,61 – 85,63 %); turdidez (85,88 - 96,95 %); cor (34,29 – 80,72 %), sólidos suspensos (65,22 – 99,77 %), NTK (57,14 – 100,00 %), fósforo (24 – 75,38 %). A grande perda líquida do efluente pela evapotranspiração reduziu em muito a vazão na saída do tratamento, o estudo mostrou que 22,61% do efluente não foram lançados no meio ambiente, ou seja, um descarte menor. Além disso, se observou a taxa de crescimento das macrófitas ao longo do Wetland construído, e verificou-se que no primeiro quadrante (início) o Wetland o crescimento foi de 1,17cm/dia, no segundo quadrante (meio) 0,60cm/dia e no terceiro quadrante (fim) 0,71cm/dia. De acordo com estes resultados, sistemas Wetlands construídos se constituem como boas opções para o polimento final de efluentes vinícolas, conferindo maior qualidade ao efluente final disperso nas lavouras.
The wine production in Brazil, for the most part is located in Rio Grande do Sul and is constantly growing, and along with it the growing concern over the treatment of effluents. The wastewater that are generated in the processes winemaking bring in its composition concentration the organic matter that varies depending on time of year (in the peak season, between February and April, the organic load is highest), which is considered a problem when arranged in a natural environment without proper treatment. There are numerous systems for treatment, but it is important to assess its efficiency and the cost of implementation, operation and maintenance. This study evaluates the seasonal efficiency of wastewater treatment wineries through physical, chemical and biological processes, and as a final polishing using built Wetlands located in Serra Gaúcha. The Wetland built is a biotechnology similar to natural Wetlands, is a simple and efficient biological treatment in that the macrophytes, the substrate and the microorganisms are responsible for pollutant removal mechanisms. The evaluation it occurred from February 2015 to October 2015, a total of nine months in this way it is possible to track the performance of Wetland throughout all the seasons. The methodology was based on analysis of efficiency of removal through physical and chemical parameters of quality of the effluent. The results are satisfactory for COD removal (77.56 - 94.27%); BOD (-26.61 - 85.63%); turdidez (85.88 - 96.95%); color (34.29 to 80.72%), suspended solids (65.22 to 99.77%), NTK (57.14 to 100.00%), phosphorus (24 to 75.38%). The large net loss of effluent by evapotranspiration greatly reduced the flow at the exit of the treatment, the study showed that 22.61% of the effluent were not released into the environment. Watching the growth rate of the macrophytes through the constructed Wetland, it was found that at the beginning of Wetland the growth was 1,17cm / day, in the middle of 0,60cm / day and in the end 0,71cm /day. According to these results, Wetlands systems built are good options for the final polishing of wastewater wineries, providing greater quality to the final effluent dispersed in the fields.
The wine production in Brazil, for the most part is located in Rio Grande do Sul and is constantly growing, and along with it the growing concern over the treatment of effluents. The wastewater that are generated in the processes winemaking bring in its composition concentration the organic matter that varies depending on time of year (in the peak season, between February and April, the organic load is highest), which is considered a problem when arranged in a natural environment without proper treatment. There are numerous systems for treatment, but it is important to assess its efficiency and the cost of implementation, operation and maintenance. This study evaluates the seasonal efficiency of wastewater treatment wineries through physical, chemical and biological processes, and as a final polishing using built Wetlands located in Serra Gaúcha. The Wetland built is a biotechnology similar to natural Wetlands, is a simple and efficient biological treatment in that the macrophytes, the substrate and the microorganisms are responsible for pollutant removal mechanisms. The evaluation it occurred from February 2015 to October 2015, a total of nine months in this way it is possible to track the performance of Wetland throughout all the seasons. The methodology was based on analysis of efficiency of removal through physical and chemical parameters of quality of the effluent. The results are satisfactory for COD removal (77.56 - 94.27%); BOD (-26.61 - 85.63%); turdidez (85.88 - 96.95%); color (34.29 to 80.72%), suspended solids (65.22 to 99.77%), NTK (57.14 to 100.00%), phosphorus (24 to 75.38%). The large net loss of effluent by evapotranspiration greatly reduced the flow at the exit of the treatment, the study showed that 22.61% of the effluent were not released into the environment. Watching the growth rate of the macrophytes through the constructed Wetland, it was found that at the beginning of Wetland the growth was 1,17cm / day, in the middle of 0,60cm / day and in the end 0,71cm /day. According to these results, Wetlands systems built are good options for the final polishing of wastewater wineries, providing greater quality to the final effluent dispersed in the fields.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Wetland construído; Efluente de vinícola; Eficiência de remoção; Biometria; Evapotranspiração; Eficiência sazonal
Citação
FACCHINI, Franciele. Avaliação sazonal do efluente do sistema de pós-tratamento com Wetland construído em vinícola da Serra Gaúcha. 2015. Monografia (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 03 dez. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/944.