Dinâmica populacional e controle alternativo de Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari, Dermanyssidae) em aviários de postura comercial no sul do Brasil
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Data
2025-01-30
Autores
Orientador
Johann, Liana
Banca
Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli
Silva, Guilherme Liberato da
Freitas, Elisete Maria de
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O ovo é um importante componente na alimentação humana, uma rica fonte de nutrientes e uma excelente fonte de proteína de baixo custo. O Brasil é um grande produtor de ovos in natura (frescos com casca) e um grande consumidor desta proteína. Entretanto a produção no país e no mundo sofre prejuízos causados por organismos praga, como o ácaro hematófago Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari, Dermanyssidae). Este ácaro é o ectoparasita mais importante que afeta a avicultura ao redor do mundo, causando danos tanto para o bem estar e saúde das aves quanto prejuízos econômicos para a indústria. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a dinâmica populacional de D. gallinae em aviários de postura comercial e observar seu comportamento em relação ao tempo de alojamento das aves, posição solar, posicionamento das gaiolas e, variáveis ambientais. E ainda avaliar a eficácia e período de imunização de quatro formulações experimentais de vacinas inativadas (Grupos Verde, Branco, Azul e Roxo) contra D. gallinae em galinhas de postura comercial, em campo, bem como condições clínicas e a mortalidade das aves. Dermanyssus gallinae esteve presente desde a primeira coleta e apresentou crescimento populacional ao longo das semanas. Foi possível observar que aviários da mesma propriedade e com o mesmo manejo apresentam dinâmicas populacionais significativamente diferentes. Além disso, nota-se que dentro de um mesmo aviário a posição das gaiolas não afeta a dinâmica populacional dos ácaros. Outro fator importante registrado foi o crescimento do número de ácaros no período de inverno, de 15°C a 21°C, seguido de queda da população em temperaturas superiores. Com relação à vacinação das aves, o presente estudo comprovou que os grupos experimentais vacinados foram capazes de afetar a abundância de ácaros coletados em ambos os aviários. Em especial a vacina aplicada ao grupo experimental Branco, que foi capaz de manter o crescimento populacional de D. gallinae reduzido em ambos os aviários, em relação ao grupo controle, apresentando melhores resultados nos picos de contaminação. Além disso, esta vacina não apresentou ocorrência de sinais clínicos mais acentuados que os obtidos e esperados no grupo controle e foi o grupo que apresentou menor percentual total de mortalidade.
The egg is an important component of the human diet, a rich source of nutrients, and an excellent low-cost protein source. Brazil is a major producer of fresh eggs (with shells) and a large consumer of this protein. However, both domestic and global production face losses caused by pest organisms, such as the hematophagous mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari, Dermanyssidae). This mite is the most significant ectoparasite affecting poultry worldwide, causing damage to the health and welfare of birds, as well as economic losses for the industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the population dynamics of D. gallinae in commercial layer poultry houses and observe its behavior in relation to the time the birds are housed, solar positioning, cage positioning, and environmental variables. Additionally, the study evaluates the efficacy and duration of immunity of four experimental inactivated vaccine formulations (Green, White, Blue, and Purple Groups) against D. gallinae in commercial laying hens under field conditions, as well as clinical conditions and mortality rates of the birds. Dermanyssus gallinae was present from the first collection and showed population growth over the weeks. It was possible to observe that poultry houses on the same property with the same management practices exhibited significantly different population dynamics. Furthermore, it was noted that within the same poultry house, the cage positioning did not affect the population dynamics of the mites. Another important factor recorded was the increase in mite numbers during the winter period, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 21°C, followed by a decrease in population at higher temperatures. Regarding the vaccination of the birds, the present study confirmed that the vaccinated experimental groups were able to reduce the abundance of mites collected in both poultry houses. In particular, the vaccine administered to the White experimental group was able to maintain the population growth of D. gallinae reduced in both poultry houses, compared to the control group, showing better results during peak contamination periods. Furthermore, this vaccine did not present more pronounced clinical signs than those observed and expected in the control group and was the group with the lowest overall mortality percentage.
The egg is an important component of the human diet, a rich source of nutrients, and an excellent low-cost protein source. Brazil is a major producer of fresh eggs (with shells) and a large consumer of this protein. However, both domestic and global production face losses caused by pest organisms, such as the hematophagous mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari, Dermanyssidae). This mite is the most significant ectoparasite affecting poultry worldwide, causing damage to the health and welfare of birds, as well as economic losses for the industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the population dynamics of D. gallinae in commercial layer poultry houses and observe its behavior in relation to the time the birds are housed, solar positioning, cage positioning, and environmental variables. Additionally, the study evaluates the efficacy and duration of immunity of four experimental inactivated vaccine formulations (Green, White, Blue, and Purple Groups) against D. gallinae in commercial laying hens under field conditions, as well as clinical conditions and mortality rates of the birds. Dermanyssus gallinae was present from the first collection and showed population growth over the weeks. It was possible to observe that poultry houses on the same property with the same management practices exhibited significantly different population dynamics. Furthermore, it was noted that within the same poultry house, the cage positioning did not affect the population dynamics of the mites. Another important factor recorded was the increase in mite numbers during the winter period, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 21°C, followed by a decrease in population at higher temperatures. Regarding the vaccination of the birds, the present study confirmed that the vaccinated experimental groups were able to reduce the abundance of mites collected in both poultry houses. In particular, the vaccine administered to the White experimental group was able to maintain the population growth of D. gallinae reduced in both poultry houses, compared to the control group, showing better results during peak contamination periods. Furthermore, this vaccine did not present more pronounced clinical signs than those observed and expected in the control group and was the group with the lowest overall mortality percentage.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ácaro vermelho das aves; Vacinação avícola; Ácaro hematófago; Avicultura; Crescimento populacional; Poultry Red Mite; Poultry vaccination; Hematophagous mite; Poultry farming; Population growth
Citação
BERTÉ, Amália Luisa Winter. Dinâmica populacional e controle alternativo de Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari, Dermanyssidae) em aviários de portura comercial no sul do Brasil. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 19 nov. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4829.