Caracterização físico-química de morangos de diferentes cultivares em sistemas de cultivo distintos no município de Bom Princípio/RS
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Data
2017-07
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Oliveira, Eniz Conceição
Banca
Oliveira, Eniz Conceição
Souza, Claucia Fernanda Volken De
Volpato, Giandra
Adami, Fernanda Scherer
Ferla, Noeli Juarez
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O morango é um pseudofruto muito apreciado pelo seu sabor, aroma e propriedades nutricionais. É uma fonte potencial de compostos bioativos, com ênfase para os compostos fenólicos e Vitamina C. Tais compostos apresentam diversas funções biológicas, dentre elas, atividade antioxidante, trazendo benefícios para a saúde. A cultura deste pseudofruto é a base da economia de muitos municípios, especialmente, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, representando 90% da superfície cultivada no País. O morango possui um importante papel econômico e social na região do Vale do Caí, no Rio Grande do Sul, apresentando uma expressiva produção, fazendo com que este pseudofruto seja destaque, principalmente, no município de Bom Princípio. Assim sendo, o objetivo da presente tese foi avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos, as substâncias bioativas e a atividade antioxidante em morangos cultivados no município de Bom Princípio, analisando a influência de diferentes cultivares em sistemas de cultivo distintos. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, sendo que os morangos foram coletados a partir de um plano de amostragem. Na primeira etapa, analisou-se os cultivares Camarosa, Camino Real e San Andreas produzidos no sistema de cultivo convencional em solo. Na segunda, os cultivares Festival e San Andreas produzidos nos sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional, em substrato, foram analisados. Determinou-se os parâmetros pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), relação SST/ATT, antocianinas, compostos fenólicos totais, atividade antioxidante, vitamina C, cálcio, sódio, potássio e cor. Quanto aos resultados da primeira etapa, todos os cultivares produzidos em solo convencional, Camino Real, San Andreas e Camarosa apresentaram teor de SST acima do mínimo recomendado pela legislação brasileira (7,5° Brix) e de ATT até 0,8%, o que corresponde a um sabor agradável. Camarosa apresentou os maiores teores da razão SST/ATT e, de todos os cultivares, observou-se que o pH deste cultivar estava de acordo com a faixa de pH estabelecida pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3 a 3,9, apresentando teores médios superiores tanto de antocianinas quanto de compostos fenólicos totais. O cultivar San Andreas apresentou o maior teor de cálcio e os maiores teores de sódio e potássio foram obtidos pelo cultivar Camarosa. Na segunda etapa, todos os cultivares pesquisados, Festival e San Andreas, orgânico e convencional, em substrato, apresentaram um teor de SST abaixo do mínimo recomendado. Os cultivares Festival orgânico, Festival convencional e San Andreas orgânico apresentaram valores de ATT conforme o máximo aceitável e o cultivar Festival, orgânico e convencional, apresentou os maiores valores em relação a relação SST/ATT. O pH de todos os cultivares pesquisados estavam de acordo com a faixa definida pela FDA. Em relação à quantidade de antocianinas, o cultivar Festival orgânico apresentou a maior concentração, sendo que o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi obtido pelo cultivar San Andreas convencional. O cultivar Festival orgânico apresentou o maior teor de cálcio e Festival convencional obteve o maior valor de sódio, no qual o maior teor de potássio foi obtido pelo San Andreas convencional. Os cultivares Festival e San Andreas, produzidos no sistema convencional, em substrato, apresentaram teor de vitamina C superior se comparados com os mesmos cultivares produzidos no sistema orgânico. Já, em relação à atividade antioxidante, as maiores concentrações foram obtidas no sistema de cultivo orgânico, para os cultivares Festival e San Andreas. No que se refere à cor, o cultivar Festival orgânico indicou uma coloração vermelha mais intensa. Constatou-se que diversos aspectos influenciaram as propriedades físicas e químicas e dos teores dos compostos bioativos nos morangos pesquisados, a saber: fatores genéticos, nutrição utilizada nos cultivos, características dos solos e dos substratos, condutividade elétrica dos substratos e das soluções nutritivas, condições climáticas (sol, temperatura, umidade) do ambiente de cultivo dos morangos. Por fim, tal pesquisa traz embasamento para que os produtores rurais junto aos técnicos da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER) possam dar continuidade ao trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido, de maneira a observar o que pode ser melhorado no que diz respeito às práticas de cultivo, incluindo nutrição e uso de substratos, buscando cultivar morangos cada vez mais saborosos e nutritivos.
The strawberry is a pseudo fruit, much appreciated for its taste, aroma and nutritional properties. It is a potential source of bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on phenolic compounds and vitamin C, and these compounds present various biological functions, including antioxidant activity, which bring benefits to health. The culture of this pseudofruit is the economical basis of many municipalities, especially in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, by the fact that these regions represent about 90% of the cultivated area in the country. The strawberry has an important economic and social role in the Vale do Caí region in Rio Grande do Sul, with a significant production, making this pseudofruit highlighted, particularly in the municipality of Bom Princípio. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters, bioactive substances and antioxidant activity in strawberries grown in Bom Princípio, analyzing the influence of different cultivars in different farming systems. The research was carried out in two stages, and the strawberries were collected from a sampling plan. In the first stage, the cultivars of Camarosa, Camino Real and San Andreas, produced in conventional soil cultivation system, were analyzed. In the second, the cultivars of Festival and San Andreas produced in organic and conventional cultivation systems, in substrate, were analyzed. The pH parameters, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity (TTA), TSS and TTA correlation, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, calcium, sodium, potassium and color were determined. As for the results of the first stage, all the cultivars produced in conventional soil, Camino Real, San Andreas and Camarosa presented a TSS content above the minimum recommended by the Brazilian legislation (7,5 ° Brix) and TTA up to 0,8%. Which corresponds to a pleasant taste. Camarosa presented the highest levels of the TSS/TTA ratio and, of all the cultivars, it was observed that the pH of this cultivar was in agreement with the pH range established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3 to 3,9, presenting Higher average contents of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds. The cultivar San Andreas presented the highest calcium content, while the highest levels of sodium and potassium were obtained by the Camarosa cultivar. In the second stage, all the surveyed cultivars, Festival and San Andreas, organic and conventional, in substrate, presented an TSS content below the recommended minimum. The Organic Festival cultivars, Conventional Festival and Organic San Andreas presented TTA values according to the maximum acceptable and the Festival cultivar, both organic and conventional, presented the highest values in relation to the TSS/TTA ratio. The pH of all the cultivars studied was within the range defined by the FDA. In relation to the amount of anthocyanins, the Organic Festival cultivar had the highest concentration, and the highest content of total phenolic compounds was obtained by the conventional San Andreas cultivar. The Organic Festival cultivar presented the highest calcium content and conventional Festival obtained the highest sodium value, while the highest potassium content was obtained by conventional San Andreas. The Festival and San Andreas cultivars, produced in the conventional system, on substrate, showed higher vitamin C content when compared to the same cultivars produced in the organic system. Although, in relation to the antioxidant activity, the highest concentrations were obtained in the organic cultivation system, for the Festival and San Andreas cultivars. Concerning the color, the cultivar Festival organic indicated a more intense red coloration. It was found that several aspects influence the physical and chemical properties and levels of bioactive compounds surveyed in strawberries, namely: genetic factors, nutrition used on cultivars, soil characteristics and substrates, electrical conductivity of the substrates and nutrient solutions and weather conditions (sun, temperature, humidity) of the strawberry cultivation environment. Finally, this research provides basis for farmers among with technical professionals from the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company (EMATER), so then the work that has been developed can be continued, in order to observe what can be improved in respect to cultivation practices, including nutrition and substrates usage, seeking to grow increasingly tastier and more nutritious strawberries.
The strawberry is a pseudo fruit, much appreciated for its taste, aroma and nutritional properties. It is a potential source of bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on phenolic compounds and vitamin C, and these compounds present various biological functions, including antioxidant activity, which bring benefits to health. The culture of this pseudofruit is the economical basis of many municipalities, especially in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, by the fact that these regions represent about 90% of the cultivated area in the country. The strawberry has an important economic and social role in the Vale do Caí region in Rio Grande do Sul, with a significant production, making this pseudofruit highlighted, particularly in the municipality of Bom Princípio. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters, bioactive substances and antioxidant activity in strawberries grown in Bom Princípio, analyzing the influence of different cultivars in different farming systems. The research was carried out in two stages, and the strawberries were collected from a sampling plan. In the first stage, the cultivars of Camarosa, Camino Real and San Andreas, produced in conventional soil cultivation system, were analyzed. In the second, the cultivars of Festival and San Andreas produced in organic and conventional cultivation systems, in substrate, were analyzed. The pH parameters, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity (TTA), TSS and TTA correlation, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, calcium, sodium, potassium and color were determined. As for the results of the first stage, all the cultivars produced in conventional soil, Camino Real, San Andreas and Camarosa presented a TSS content above the minimum recommended by the Brazilian legislation (7,5 ° Brix) and TTA up to 0,8%. Which corresponds to a pleasant taste. Camarosa presented the highest levels of the TSS/TTA ratio and, of all the cultivars, it was observed that the pH of this cultivar was in agreement with the pH range established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3 to 3,9, presenting Higher average contents of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds. The cultivar San Andreas presented the highest calcium content, while the highest levels of sodium and potassium were obtained by the Camarosa cultivar. In the second stage, all the surveyed cultivars, Festival and San Andreas, organic and conventional, in substrate, presented an TSS content below the recommended minimum. The Organic Festival cultivars, Conventional Festival and Organic San Andreas presented TTA values according to the maximum acceptable and the Festival cultivar, both organic and conventional, presented the highest values in relation to the TSS/TTA ratio. The pH of all the cultivars studied was within the range defined by the FDA. In relation to the amount of anthocyanins, the Organic Festival cultivar had the highest concentration, and the highest content of total phenolic compounds was obtained by the conventional San Andreas cultivar. The Organic Festival cultivar presented the highest calcium content and conventional Festival obtained the highest sodium value, while the highest potassium content was obtained by conventional San Andreas. The Festival and San Andreas cultivars, produced in the conventional system, on substrate, showed higher vitamin C content when compared to the same cultivars produced in the organic system. Although, in relation to the antioxidant activity, the highest concentrations were obtained in the organic cultivation system, for the Festival and San Andreas cultivars. Concerning the color, the cultivar Festival organic indicated a more intense red coloration. It was found that several aspects influence the physical and chemical properties and levels of bioactive compounds surveyed in strawberries, namely: genetic factors, nutrition used on cultivars, soil characteristics and substrates, electrical conductivity of the substrates and nutrient solutions and weather conditions (sun, temperature, humidity) of the strawberry cultivation environment. Finally, this research provides basis for farmers among with technical professionals from the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company (EMATER), so then the work that has been developed can be continued, in order to observe what can be improved in respect to cultivation practices, including nutrition and substrates usage, seeking to grow increasingly tastier and more nutritious strawberries.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fragaria X ananassa Duch; Atividade antioxidante; Sistemas de Cultivo
Citação
MUSA, Cristiane Inês. Caracterização físico-química de morangos de diferentes cultivares em sistemas de cultivo distintos no município de Bom Princípio/RS. 2016. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 12 dez. 2016. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1594.