A proteção jurídica dos recursos hídricos e o objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável 6: estudo de caso a partir da realidade de Cacoal/RO
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Data
2021-11
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Orientador
Turatti, Luciana
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Resumo
A água é um recurso natural imprescindível à vida. Logo, a proteção jurídica a este bem natural é de extrema importância. A importância deste recurso natural ultrapassa fronteiras geográficas, sendo motivo de preocupação mundial face ao risco de esgotamento. O arcabouço legislativo destinado a este recurso no Brasil é vasto. Algumas legislações marcaram historicamente a proteção dos recursos hídricos, como o Código de Águas, editado em 1934, que ainda mantém alguns dispositivos até os dias atuais. No âmbito das Constituições brasileiras, destaca-se a Constituição Federal de 1988, que reconheceu a importância ambiental dos recursos hídricos, preservando a importância econômica que já era prevista nas constituições passadas. No âmbito infraconstitucional, a proteção dos recursos hídricos ganhou força e evidência com a edição da Lei 9.433/97, que instituiu a Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, a qual estruturou e conferiu organicidade à proteção e à conservação dos recursos hídricos. A relevância mundial deste recurso levou a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) a reconhecê-la e a inseri-la como sendo um dos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da Agenda 2030. O ODS 6 tem como tema a Água Potável e o saneamento, com o objetivo de assegurar este recurso a todos. Os 17 ODS foram instituídos mundialmente, com metas a serem alcançadas, cabendo a cada país realizar as adequações conforme sua realidade. Os municípios assumem assim papel de grande relevância, pois é o local onde se inicia o processo de implementação e de verificação dos resultados que compõem o cenário nacional no cumprimento da Agenda 2030. Neste contexto, esta dissertação objetiva verificar em que medida o município de Cacoal – RO vem atendendo as metas propostas para os municípios no que se refere à implementação do ODS 6 e como o município estruturou a legislação de proteção aos recursos hídricos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foram utilizados os procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, especialmente apoiados na Constituição Federal, nas legislações federal e estadual de Rondônia e na municipal de Cacoal, relativas aos Recursos Hídricos. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, com estudo de caso e, quanto aos fins, é exploratória. O tratamento de dados apoia-se na análise textual. A hipótese aventada é a de que o município de Cacoal está em vias de implementar o ODS 6, por meio de políticas públicas locais, incluindo a sociedade como atores neste processo, e que os recursos hídricos do município contam com uma legislação hídrica que atende os princípios da proteção e da conservação. Quanto aos resultados, concluiu-se que o município de Cacoal, no que se refere à implementação do ODS 6, ainda não firmou o compromisso político para sua efetivação, bem como percebeu-se um baixo índice da sociedade na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Do ponto de vista da legislação municipal, constatou-se que, embora não possua uma legislação específica, destinou parte do Código Ambiental Municipal às Águas, para atender as necessidades locais relativas à preservação e à conservação, utilizando de forma suplementar a legislação federal e a estadual de Rondônia.
Water is an essential natural resource for life. Therefore, legal protection to such natural source is really important. The importance of it as a natural resource goes beyond geographical borders being the cause of global concern regarding collapse risk. Legislation for it is vast in Brazil. Some legislation historically marked the protection of water resources such as the Water Code - published in 1934 - which still maintains some devices up to present days. Regarding Brazilian Constitution, 1988 Federal Constitution recognized the environmental importance of water resources by preserving the economical relevance that was set in past constitutions. Regarding infra-constitutional range, protection to water resources was strengthened and supported by law 9.433/97, which established the National Water Resources Policy, by structuring and organizing protection and conservation of water resources. Resource relevance worldwide led The United Nation (UN) to recognize and include it as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of 2030 Agenda. Drinking Water and Sanitation are themes of SDG 6 aiming to ensure the resource to everyone. The 17 SDGs were worldwide instituted establishing goals to be achieved, and countries are responsible for adjustments according to their reality. Thus cities assume important roles since they are responsible for the process of implementation and verification of results that comprehend the national scenario for fulfilling 2030 Agenda. In such context, this dissertation aims to verify to what extent the city of Cacoal/RO has been meeting the proposed targets concerning the implementation of SDG 6 and how the city structured legislation for water resource protection. Regarding methodology technical procedures of bibliographical and documentary research related to water resources were carried out being especially supported by the Federal Constitution, federal and state legislation of Rondônia, and local legislation. It is a qualitative and explorative case study research and data processing is based on textual analysis. Hypothesis suggested that Cacoal is close to implementing SDG 6 through local policies; being the community considered actors in the process; and water resources of the city enclose water legislation that meets the principles of protection and conservation. Regarding the results, it was concluded that concerning the implementation of SDG 6, Cacoal has not established political commitment for its realization yet and low level of community in water resource management was perceived. Regarding local legislation even Cacoal does not have specific legislation; it was found that part of the city Environmental Code was destined to Waters to meet local needs related to preservation and conservation being complementary to federal and state legislation of Rondônia.
Water is an essential natural resource for life. Therefore, legal protection to such natural source is really important. The importance of it as a natural resource goes beyond geographical borders being the cause of global concern regarding collapse risk. Legislation for it is vast in Brazil. Some legislation historically marked the protection of water resources such as the Water Code - published in 1934 - which still maintains some devices up to present days. Regarding Brazilian Constitution, 1988 Federal Constitution recognized the environmental importance of water resources by preserving the economical relevance that was set in past constitutions. Regarding infra-constitutional range, protection to water resources was strengthened and supported by law 9.433/97, which established the National Water Resources Policy, by structuring and organizing protection and conservation of water resources. Resource relevance worldwide led The United Nation (UN) to recognize and include it as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of 2030 Agenda. Drinking Water and Sanitation are themes of SDG 6 aiming to ensure the resource to everyone. The 17 SDGs were worldwide instituted establishing goals to be achieved, and countries are responsible for adjustments according to their reality. Thus cities assume important roles since they are responsible for the process of implementation and verification of results that comprehend the national scenario for fulfilling 2030 Agenda. In such context, this dissertation aims to verify to what extent the city of Cacoal/RO has been meeting the proposed targets concerning the implementation of SDG 6 and how the city structured legislation for water resource protection. Regarding methodology technical procedures of bibliographical and documentary research related to water resources were carried out being especially supported by the Federal Constitution, federal and state legislation of Rondônia, and local legislation. It is a qualitative and explorative case study research and data processing is based on textual analysis. Hypothesis suggested that Cacoal is close to implementing SDG 6 through local policies; being the community considered actors in the process; and water resources of the city enclose water legislation that meets the principles of protection and conservation. Regarding the results, it was concluded that concerning the implementation of SDG 6, Cacoal has not established political commitment for its realization yet and low level of community in water resource management was perceived. Regarding local legislation even Cacoal does not have specific legislation; it was found that part of the city Environmental Code was destined to Waters to meet local needs related to preservation and conservation being complementary to federal and state legislation of Rondônia.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cacoal; Gestão dos recursos hídricos; Iniciativas locais; Políticas públicas; Legislações hídricas; ODS 6; Water resource management; Local initiatives; Public policy; Water legislation; SDG 6
Citação
SÁ, Ângela Rodrigues De. A proteção jurídica dos recursos hídricos e o objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável 6: estudo de caso a partir da realidade de Cacoal/RO. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 01 dez. 2021. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3303.