Ecosofia em ambiente de Floresta Amazônica: experiências com alunos da educação básica
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Date
2022-12-07
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Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
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Bucker, Joana
Périco, Eduardo
Souza, Lise Mary Soares
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Abstract
A temática ambiental, no contexto atual, necessita de um olhar especial, haja vista os inúmeros eventos que vem destruindo a biodiversidade global e, consequentemente, do país. No contexto escolar, esse tema pode ser abordado a partir de uma perspectiva de educação ambiental (EA) baseada em atividades e ações que superem a visão hegemônica tradicional, atuando tanto subjetivamente, quanto nas relações sociais e com o ambiente, indo ao encontro da proposta ecosófica de Félix Guattari. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo principal investigar possibilidades metodológicas de atividades ecosóficas que exploram o contato direto com a natureza, buscando compreender como as três dimensões da ecosofia propostas por Guattari são movimentadas a partir das intervenções em ambiente de floresta amazônico, que incluíram uma experiência de banho de floresta. Além disso realizamos uma revisão integrativa a partir dos termos: Ecosofia + Guattari, Ecosofia, Ecosophy + Guattari, Ecosophy, Forest Bathing, Shinrin-Yoku e banho de/na floresta. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é caracterizada como quanti- qualitativa e descritiva, tendo como base a pesquisa bibliográfica, com uso de análise integrativa, além de pesquisa documental e intervenções. A quantificação ocorreu devido à aplicação da Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS), instrumento brasileiro já validado e adaptado do Perfil de Estados de Humor (POMS) e de uma escala própria criada para o início e fim de cada encontro. Os participantes convidados para a experiência foram oito alunos de 9° ano de uma escola pública, em Rondônia. Os sete encontros, dos quais cinco deles foram realizados em um fragmento florestal amazônico, foram estruturados com base na Ecosofia NAT, metodologia que mistura vivências de contato direto com a natureza, a expressão artística e o uso de tecnologias sociais e de mídias. A revisão sobre banho de floresta na PubMed, com trabalhos publicados entre 2017 e 2021, indiciou 18 trabalhos práticos e 19 de ordem teórica, aumento das publicações nos últimos três anos, os quais foram publicados em 18 períodicos diferentes, usando de 3 a 11 palavras-chave, principalmente na língua inglesa. As pesquisas práticas foram realizadas em oito países, da Europa e da Ásia, com população variando de 10 a 5.109 participantes, enquanto os teóricos foram construidos com base na revisão em trabalhos presentes em 21 plataformas, envolvendo entre seis e 64 publicações que atenderam os critérios de inclusão previstos pelos autores dos estudos. Evidenciaram-se, nos artigos selecionados, que o banho na floresta afeta a saúde humana produzindo: efeito positivo sobre a espiritualidade; redução do nível de cortisol salivar e sérico em curto prazo; diminuição dos sintomas de alergia, da asma; melhora a pressão arterial e a pulsação; efeitos benéficos sobre os sintomas 2 de ansiedade, depressão e estresse, assim como outros itens negativos do estado de humor; efeitos benéficos nos valores relacionados a fatores patológicos que se relacionam a doença cardiovascular e de citocinas inflamatórias; aumento da função imunológica e antioxidante; melhora na qualidade do sono, no metabolismo, nos aspectos cardiopulmonares, além de proporcionar efeito restaurador e relaxamento psicológico. Também os estudos evidenciam que diminuiu a gravidade da pandemia de COVID-19 em locais com maior área florestal per capita. Foram observadas as seguintes movimentações da tríade ecosófica, conforme Guattari (1990): a) subjetividade – abertura ao dialogo com pessoas próximas, autoconhecimento, ampliação nos modo de pensar e para iniciativas de autoajuda; b) social: criação de laços, fortalecimento das relações do grupo; c) ambiental: aprofundamento da relação com a floresta, reflexão sobre problemas socioambientais. Conclui-se que atividades ecosóficas em ambientes florestais amazônicos promoveram aumento do bem estar, relaxamento, autoconhecimento, redução da confusão, ansiedade, assim como a ampliação do contato com as dimensões subjetivas, sociais e ambientais em adolescentes do 9o ano do ensino fundamental. Esta pesquisa articula-se ao ODS 3, já que as atividades ecosóficas podem contribuir na promoção da saúde mental e bem-estar. Tendo como participantes alunos da educação básica, o ODS 4 é contemplado, de modo a colaborar no processo educativo com qualidade, favorecendo o compartilhamento de conhecimentos e contribuindo para a educação pautada no desenvolvimento e no estilo de vida sustentável, com maior conexão com o meio ambiente. A ecosofia preconiza o respeito, o estudo e a compreensão do meio ambiente enquanto casa, assim, o ODS 11 está contemplado, pois esse ponto busca tornar cidades, e demais agrupamentos humanos, mais inclusivos, resilientes, com segurança e sustentabilidade.
In the current context, environmental issues demand special attention, given the numerous events that have been destroying the local and global biodiversity. In the school context, this topic can be approached from an environmental education (EE) perspective, based on activities and actions that overcome the traditional hegemonic view, acting both subjectively and in socio-environmental relations, in line with the ecosophical perspective proposal by Félix Guattari. This study aimed to investigate methodological possibilities of ecosophical activities that explore direct contact with nature, seeking to understand how the three dimensions of ecosophy proposed by Guattari act from interventions in the Amazonian Forest environment -- which included a forest bathing experience. In addition, we performed an integrative review based on the terms: Ecosofia + Guattari, Ecosofia, Ecosophy + Guattari, Ecosophy, Forest Bathing, Shinrin-Yoku e banho de/na floresta. Methodologically, the research is characterized as quantitative-qualitative and descriptive, based on bibliographic research, using integrative analysis, in addition to documental research and interventions. The quantification occurred due to the application of Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), a Brazilian instrument already validated and adapted from the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and a specific scale created for the beginning and end of each group meeting. The participants invited to the experience were eight 9th grade students from a public school in Rondônia. The seven meetings, five of which were held in an Amazonian Forest fragment, were structured based on Ecosophy NAT, a methodology that mixes experiences of direct contact with nature, artistic expression and the use of social and media technologies. The PubMed review on forest bathing, including studies published between 2017 and 2021, indicated 18 practical works and 19 theoretical ones. It evidenced an increase in publications in the last three years, which were published in 18 different journals, using 3 to 11 key- words, written mainly in English. The practical research was carried out in eight countries, in Europe and Asia, with population ranging from 10 to 5,109 participants, while the theoretical ones were built based on review of studies liked to 21 platforms, involving between six and 64 publications that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the selected publications, it was evidenced that forest bathing affects human health, producing: a positive effect on spirituality; short-term reduction in salivary and serum cortisol levels; decrease in allergy and asthma symptoms; improves blood pressure and body pulse; beneficial effects on symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, as well as other negative aspects of humor/mood; beneficial effects on values related to pathological factors that relate to cardiovascular disease and inflammatory cytokines; increased immune and antioxidant function; improvement of sleep quality, 4 metabolism, cardiopulmonary aspects, in addition to providing a restorative effect and psychological relaxation. Studies also showed that the severity of COVID-19 pandemic has decreased in locations with greater forest area per capita. The following movements of the ecosophical triad were observed, according to Guattari (1990): a) subjectivity – openness to dialogue with nearby people, self-knowledge, expansion in the way of thinking and for self-help initiatives; b) social: creating bonds, strengthening group relationships; c) environmental: deepening the relationship with the forest, reflection on socio-environmental problems. We concluded that ecosophical activities in Amazonian Forest environments promoted an increase in well-being, relaxation, self-knowledge, reduction of confusion, anxiety, as well as increased contact with subjective, social and environmental dimensions in adolescents from the 9th grade elementary school. This research is linked to ODS 3, as ecosophical activities can contribute to the promotion of mental health and well- being. Since public education students were participants, ODS 4 is contemplated, in order to collaborate to the quality of educational process, favoring the sharing of knowledge and contributing to education based on sustainable development and lifestyle, with greater connection with the environment. Ecosophy advocates respect, study and understanding of the environment as a home, thus, ODS 11 is also reached, as this point seeks to make cities, and other human groups, more inclusive, resilient, with safety and sustainability.
In the current context, environmental issues demand special attention, given the numerous events that have been destroying the local and global biodiversity. In the school context, this topic can be approached from an environmental education (EE) perspective, based on activities and actions that overcome the traditional hegemonic view, acting both subjectively and in socio-environmental relations, in line with the ecosophical perspective proposal by Félix Guattari. This study aimed to investigate methodological possibilities of ecosophical activities that explore direct contact with nature, seeking to understand how the three dimensions of ecosophy proposed by Guattari act from interventions in the Amazonian Forest environment -- which included a forest bathing experience. In addition, we performed an integrative review based on the terms: Ecosofia + Guattari, Ecosofia, Ecosophy + Guattari, Ecosophy, Forest Bathing, Shinrin-Yoku e banho de/na floresta. Methodologically, the research is characterized as quantitative-qualitative and descriptive, based on bibliographic research, using integrative analysis, in addition to documental research and interventions. The quantification occurred due to the application of Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), a Brazilian instrument already validated and adapted from the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and a specific scale created for the beginning and end of each group meeting. The participants invited to the experience were eight 9th grade students from a public school in Rondônia. The seven meetings, five of which were held in an Amazonian Forest fragment, were structured based on Ecosophy NAT, a methodology that mixes experiences of direct contact with nature, artistic expression and the use of social and media technologies. The PubMed review on forest bathing, including studies published between 2017 and 2021, indicated 18 practical works and 19 theoretical ones. It evidenced an increase in publications in the last three years, which were published in 18 different journals, using 3 to 11 key- words, written mainly in English. The practical research was carried out in eight countries, in Europe and Asia, with population ranging from 10 to 5,109 participants, while the theoretical ones were built based on review of studies liked to 21 platforms, involving between six and 64 publications that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the selected publications, it was evidenced that forest bathing affects human health, producing: a positive effect on spirituality; short-term reduction in salivary and serum cortisol levels; decrease in allergy and asthma symptoms; improves blood pressure and body pulse; beneficial effects on symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, as well as other negative aspects of humor/mood; beneficial effects on values related to pathological factors that relate to cardiovascular disease and inflammatory cytokines; increased immune and antioxidant function; improvement of sleep quality, 4 metabolism, cardiopulmonary aspects, in addition to providing a restorative effect and psychological relaxation. Studies also showed that the severity of COVID-19 pandemic has decreased in locations with greater forest area per capita. The following movements of the ecosophical triad were observed, according to Guattari (1990): a) subjectivity – openness to dialogue with nearby people, self-knowledge, expansion in the way of thinking and for self-help initiatives; b) social: creating bonds, strengthening group relationships; c) environmental: deepening the relationship with the forest, reflection on socio-environmental problems. We concluded that ecosophical activities in Amazonian Forest environments promoted an increase in well-being, relaxation, self-knowledge, reduction of confusion, anxiety, as well as increased contact with subjective, social and environmental dimensions in adolescents from the 9th grade elementary school. This research is linked to ODS 3, as ecosophical activities can contribute to the promotion of mental health and well- being. Since public education students were participants, ODS 4 is contemplated, in order to collaborate to the quality of educational process, favoring the sharing of knowledge and contributing to education based on sustainable development and lifestyle, with greater connection with the environment. Ecosophy advocates respect, study and understanding of the environment as a home, thus, ODS 11 is also reached, as this point seeks to make cities, and other human groups, more inclusive, resilient, with safety and sustainability.
Description
Keywords
Amazônia; Educação ambiental; Banho de floresta; Ecosofia NAT; Vivências; Amazon; Environmental education; Forest bathing; NAT Ecosophy; Experiences
Citation
EVARISTO, André De Paulo. Ecosofia em ambiente de Floresta Amazônica: experiências com alunos da educação básica. 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 07 dez. 2022. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3455.