Utilização de resíduo madeireiro amazônico na produção de blocos de vedação para construção civil
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Data
2022-01
Orientador
Konrad, Odorico
Banca
Ethur, Eduardo Miranda
Silva, Diana Suzete Nunes Da
Kuniochi, Erica Mitie Umakohi
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Título do Volume
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Resumo
A exploração florestal na Amazônia abastece a indústria madeireira que ao beneficiar tora em madeira serrada gera grandes quantidades de resíduos classificados em: pedaços de madeiras, cepilhos e serragem. Eles, em sua maioria, são armazenados de forma inadequada no meio ambiente acarretando sérios problemas ambientais. Parte da madeira serrada é usada no setor da construção civil que com o desenvolvimento econômico da Região Norte de Mato Grosso tem crescido de forma significativa. Diversos estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos acerca do potencial existente no uso de resíduos vegetais como agregado para a produção de materiais construtivos. Dentre eles está a serragem de madeira, objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. Para a elaboração deste trabalho foi realizado um diagnóstico das madeiras mais industrializadas no município de Alta Floresta - MT, identificando as espécies florestais mais exploradas e processadas nas serrarias, nomeadamente, o Cambará - Vochysia sp., o Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm. e a Garapeira. - Apuleia sp. Elas foram selecionadas e os resíduos do desdobro primário foram classificado e quantificado com a finalidade de avaliar o potencial de uso como agregado na fabricação de blocos de concreto e de tijolos de solo-cimento. Ainda para análise desta proposta foi realizado um levantamento de dados climáticos, com o intuito de produzir a carta bioclimática local. Isso proporcionou consistência e embasamento teórico para discutir as estratégias construtivas para a região e a análise do conforto térmico prestado pelos blocos de solo, cimento e serragem. Como resultados a pesquisa atestou a viabilidade da produção de blocos de alvenaria fabricados com concreto, agregados e 12% de serragem, sendo comprovado a resistência a compressão de 3,04Mpa para o Cambará - Vochysia sp., e 2,18Mpa para Garapeira. - Apuleia sp. Já a espécie Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm não apresentou resultados satisfatórios. Quanto aos tijolos de solo-cimento com 20% de serragem as três espécies apresentaram os seguintes valores Mpa: 1,70 Mpa (Cambará - Vochysia sp.), 1,26Mpa (Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm.) e 1,95Mpa (Garapeira - Apuleia sp). Os valores foram inferiores ao recomendado pela NBR 8491. No que diz respeito a produção, somente apresentaram resistência mecânica os blocos e os tijolos fabricados com a serragem tradada por lavagem e padronização granulométrica. Pela carta bioclimática o estudo avaliou que o município apresenta-se na Zona 1 - Conforto e na Zona 2 – Ventilação, onde as estratégias indicadas são ventilação cruzada e ambientes construídos mais amplos. Quando analisado o comportamento térmico dos protótipos fabricados com os materiais estudados concluiu-se que os tijolos de solo-cimento-serragem apresentaram menor amplitude térmica que os blocos de concreto-serram. Contudo ambos os materiais incorporados com serragem apresentaram temperaturas de até 2°C a menos quando comparados com os materiais convencionais demonstrando, portanto, propriedades térmicas positivas. A pesquisa comprova a possibilidade do uso de resíduos madeireiros de espécies nativas da Amazônia em blocos de alvenaria para a construção civil e ainda os benefícios térmicos proporcionados por materiais incorporados com resíduos vegetais.
The Amazon’s forest exploration supplies the lumber industry which, when processing logs into sawn wood, produce large amounts of residues classified into wood pieces, shavings and sawdust. Most of them are stored improperly in the environment causing serious environmental problems. Part of the sawn wood is used in the civil construction industry which, with the economic development of the north region of Mato Grosso state, has grown expressively. Several studies have been carried out on the potential use of plant residues as an aggregate for the production of construction material. Among them is the sawdust, this study’s object. For the preparation of this research, an evaluation of the wood market in the of Alta Floresta - MT was carried out, identifying the most explored and processed forest species in the sawmills, namely, Cambará - Vochysia sp., Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm. and Garapeira. - Apuleia sp. They were selected and the residue from the primary limbing was classified and quantified in order to assess their potential use as an aggregate in the manufacture of concrete blocks and soil-cement bricks. For the analysis of this proposal, a survey of climatic data was also carried out, aiming to produce a local bioclimatic chart. This provided consistency and theoretical basis to discuss the construction strategies for the region and the evaluation of thermal comfort provided by the blocks of soil, cement and sawdust. As a result, the research attested the feasibility of producing masonry blocks made of concrete, aggregates and 12% of sawdust, being proven the compressive strength of 3.04 Mpa for Cambará - Vochysia sp., and 2.18 Mpa for Garapeira. - Apuleia sp. The species Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm did not show satisfactory results. As for the soil-cement bricks with 20% sawdust, the three species presented the following Mpa values: 1.70 Mpa (Cambará - Vochysia sp.), 1.26 Mpa (Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm.) and 1.95 Mpa (Garapeira - Apuleia sp). These values were lower than those recommended by NBR 8491. Regarding the production, only the blocks and bricks manufactured with sawdust treated by washing and granulometric standardization showed mechanical resistance. Based on the bioclimatic chart, the study assessed that the city is located in Zone 1 - Comfort and Zone 2 - Ventilation, where the indicated strategies are cross ventilation and broader built ambiences. When analyzing the thermal behavior of the prototypes manufactured with the studied materials, it was concluded that the soil-cement-sawdust bricks had a lower thermal amplitude than the concrete-saw blocks. However, both materials incorporated with sawdust had temperatures of up to 2°C less when compared to conventional materials, thus demonstrating positive thermal properties. The research attests the possibility of using wood residues from Amazonian native species in masonry blocks for civil construction and also the thermal benefits provided by materials incorporated with vegetable residues.
The Amazon’s forest exploration supplies the lumber industry which, when processing logs into sawn wood, produce large amounts of residues classified into wood pieces, shavings and sawdust. Most of them are stored improperly in the environment causing serious environmental problems. Part of the sawn wood is used in the civil construction industry which, with the economic development of the north region of Mato Grosso state, has grown expressively. Several studies have been carried out on the potential use of plant residues as an aggregate for the production of construction material. Among them is the sawdust, this study’s object. For the preparation of this research, an evaluation of the wood market in the of Alta Floresta - MT was carried out, identifying the most explored and processed forest species in the sawmills, namely, Cambará - Vochysia sp., Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm. and Garapeira. - Apuleia sp. They were selected and the residue from the primary limbing was classified and quantified in order to assess their potential use as an aggregate in the manufacture of concrete blocks and soil-cement bricks. For the analysis of this proposal, a survey of climatic data was also carried out, aiming to produce a local bioclimatic chart. This provided consistency and theoretical basis to discuss the construction strategies for the region and the evaluation of thermal comfort provided by the blocks of soil, cement and sawdust. As a result, the research attested the feasibility of producing masonry blocks made of concrete, aggregates and 12% of sawdust, being proven the compressive strength of 3.04 Mpa for Cambará - Vochysia sp., and 2.18 Mpa for Garapeira. - Apuleia sp. The species Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm did not show satisfactory results. As for the soil-cement bricks with 20% sawdust, the three species presented the following Mpa values: 1.70 Mpa (Cambará - Vochysia sp.), 1.26 Mpa (Cedrinho - Erisma uncinatum Warm.) and 1.95 Mpa (Garapeira - Apuleia sp). These values were lower than those recommended by NBR 8491. Regarding the production, only the blocks and bricks manufactured with sawdust treated by washing and granulometric standardization showed mechanical resistance. Based on the bioclimatic chart, the study assessed that the city is located in Zone 1 - Comfort and Zone 2 - Ventilation, where the indicated strategies are cross ventilation and broader built ambiences. When analyzing the thermal behavior of the prototypes manufactured with the studied materials, it was concluded that the soil-cement-sawdust bricks had a lower thermal amplitude than the concrete-saw blocks. However, both materials incorporated with sawdust had temperatures of up to 2°C less when compared to conventional materials, thus demonstrating positive thermal properties. The research attests the possibility of using wood residues from Amazonian native species in masonry blocks for civil construction and also the thermal benefits provided by materials incorporated with vegetable residues.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Serragem; Blocos concreto; Tijolos solo-cimento; Estratégia bioclimática; Sawdust; Concrete blocks; Soil-cement bricks; Bioclimatic strategy
Citação
VIEZZER, Marlize Reffatti Zinelli. Utilização de resíduo madeireiro amazônico na produção de blocos de vedação para construção civil. 2022. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 24 fev. 2022. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3397.