PERFIL DE SENSIBILIZAÇÃO PARA AEROALÉRGENOS ATRAVÉS DE IgE ESPECÍFICA SÉRICA
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Data
2024-03
Autores
Orientador
Silva, Guilherme Liberato da
Banca
Majolo, Fernanda
Johann, Liana
Cunha, Aline Andrea da
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Nas últimas décadas, observou-se um notável aumento na prevalência e morbidade das doenças alérgicas, especialmente no contexto da asma e rinite alérgica em indivíduos atópicos. As análises laboratoriais clínicas desempenham um papel crucial no diagnóstico e tratamento de afecções alérgicas mediadas por Imunoglobulina E (IgE). A abordagem diagnóstica da hipersensibilidade imediata requer uma anamnese detalhada e exame físico aprofundado. A identificação das fontes de sensibilização, sujeitas a variações regionais, facilita a implementação de estratégias de manejo eficazes, como prevenção e imunoterapia. Quando sintomas compatíveis com distúrbios alérgicos são identificados, a confirmação da sensibilização é obtida por meio de testes cutâneos, exames sanguíneos ou ambos, que detectam a presença de anticorpos IgE específicos para alérgenos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar o perfil de sensibilização aos aeroalérgenos na população do Vale do Taquari no período de 1º de julho de 2017 a 31 de julho de 2022. Buscou-se mapear as concentrações dos níveis séricos de IgE específica para os alérgenos mais prevalentes, levando em consideração variações relacionadas à idade, aos níveis de IgE específica e estações do ano. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo observacional, descritivo-analítico, retrospectivo e transversal, utilizando o banco de dados de laboratórios de análises clínicas. A amostra consistiu em indivíduos residentes nas cidades da região do Vale do Taquari/RS submetidos ao teste de IgE Específica para aeroalérgenos inalantes. O resultado da avaliação de 995 laudos de testes de IgE específica, agrupados em categorias de aeroalérgenos, revelou uma média de idade de 21 anos e mediana de 12, predominantemente composta por indivíduos do sexo feminino (57,1%). A faixa etária mais prevalente foi menor de 18 anos (56,5%), com a maioria dos exames realizados na primavera (27,7%). A categoria de aeroalérgeno das gramíneas apresentou correlação significativa com sexo e idade, indicando que homens têm 65% mais chances de apresentar altos níveis de IgE específica para esse alérgeno, e a idade está relacionada a níveis mais elevados de IgE. As categorias Ácaros e Poeira apresentaram correlação positiva. Em conclusão, o estudo destaca a importância do conhecimento do perfil de aeroalérgenos locais para o diagnóstico precoce e intervenção em doenças alérgicas, enfatizando a relevância da categoria do alérgeno em relação à idade e ao sexo do indivíduo.
Aeroallergens are airborne substances capable of triggering allergies in susceptible individuals. These substances include pollen, dust mites, animal epithelium and mold spores. Sensitization to these aeroallergens can result in the development of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Understanding the profile of aeroallergenic sensitizations is crucial in the management and treatment of these allergic conditions. By identifying the specific aeroallergens to which an individual is sensitized, healthcare professionals can design personalized treatment plans and implement allergen avoidance strategies to reduce symptoms and improve the overall quality of life of patients with allergies. Objective: The aim of this study was to map the sensitization profile through specific IgE, taking into account differences by age, IgE levels and the seasons. Methodology: The research is characterized as an observational, descriptiveanalytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study, using the database of clinical analysis laboratories. The sample consisted of individuals living in the cities of the Vale do Taquari/RS region who underwent the Specific Immunoglobulin test for aeroallergens. Results: 995 individuals were assessed for specific IgE, and the specificities were grouped into categories of aeroallergens (Mites, Dust, Grasses, Epithelia, Fungi and Pollen). The descriptive analysis showed a mean age of 21.49±21.57 years (median 12), with 57.1% female and 42.9% male subjects. The most prevalent age group was individuals under the age of 18 (56.5%), followed by young adults (18.4%), adults (19.4%) and the elderly (5.7%). The highest proportion of tests carried out was in the spring season (27.7%) and the lowest proportion during the summer (21.4%). The Gramineae aeroallergen category showed a significant relationship with the variables Sex (X2 = 7.18; df=1; P=0.007) and Age (X2=12.06; df=1; P=0.001), meaning that males have a 65% chance of having higher specific IgE values for this aeroallergen and the older they are, there is a tendency to have higher IgE levels. In the bivariate correlation, the Mites and Dust category showed a positive, strong and significant correlation. Conclusion: Knowledge about the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in different age groups would help in the early diagnosis and intervention of allergic diseases in this large geographical region. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of knowing the profile of local aeroallergens as a valuable tool for health professionals, and it is important to take into account the category of the aeroallergen with the age and sex of the individual.
Aeroallergens are airborne substances capable of triggering allergies in susceptible individuals. These substances include pollen, dust mites, animal epithelium and mold spores. Sensitization to these aeroallergens can result in the development of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Understanding the profile of aeroallergenic sensitizations is crucial in the management and treatment of these allergic conditions. By identifying the specific aeroallergens to which an individual is sensitized, healthcare professionals can design personalized treatment plans and implement allergen avoidance strategies to reduce symptoms and improve the overall quality of life of patients with allergies. Objective: The aim of this study was to map the sensitization profile through specific IgE, taking into account differences by age, IgE levels and the seasons. Methodology: The research is characterized as an observational, descriptiveanalytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study, using the database of clinical analysis laboratories. The sample consisted of individuals living in the cities of the Vale do Taquari/RS region who underwent the Specific Immunoglobulin test for aeroallergens. Results: 995 individuals were assessed for specific IgE, and the specificities were grouped into categories of aeroallergens (Mites, Dust, Grasses, Epithelia, Fungi and Pollen). The descriptive analysis showed a mean age of 21.49±21.57 years (median 12), with 57.1% female and 42.9% male subjects. The most prevalent age group was individuals under the age of 18 (56.5%), followed by young adults (18.4%), adults (19.4%) and the elderly (5.7%). The highest proportion of tests carried out was in the spring season (27.7%) and the lowest proportion during the summer (21.4%). The Gramineae aeroallergen category showed a significant relationship with the variables Sex (X2 = 7.18; df=1; P=0.007) and Age (X2=12.06; df=1; P=0.001), meaning that males have a 65% chance of having higher specific IgE values for this aeroallergen and the older they are, there is a tendency to have higher IgE levels. In the bivariate correlation, the Mites and Dust category showed a positive, strong and significant correlation. Conclusion: Knowledge about the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in different age groups would help in the early diagnosis and intervention of allergic diseases in this large geographical region. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of knowing the profile of local aeroallergens as a valuable tool for health professionals, and it is important to take into account the category of the aeroallergen with the age and sex of the individual.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aeroalérgenos; Doenças Respiratórias; Perfil de Imunoglobulina E; Aeroallergens; Immunoglobulin E; Respiratory Diseases; Imunologia; Immunology
Citação
SZEKUT, Michelle Silva. PERFIL DE SENSIBILIZAÇÃO PARA AEROALÉRGENOS ATRAVÉS DE IgE ESPECÍFICA SÉRICA. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 01 mar. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4350.