As interfaces da aldeia São Luis e da rodovia BR-429/RO diante do processo de compensação ambiental
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Data
2020-12
Autores
Orientador
Laroque, Luís Fernando Da Silva
Banca
Machado, Neli Teresinha Galarce
Pereira, Walmir Da Silva
Prestes, Fabiane Da Silva
Título do periódico
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Resumo
Os empreendimentos de infraestrutura de transporte que impactam Terras Indígenas estão sujeitos ao processo de compensação ambiental, os danos causados devem ser compensados em decorrência dos impactos gerados a localidade. Neste sentido, a FUNAI é órgão interveniente do processo. O estado de Rondônia é composto por 29 etnias indígenas distribuídas em 23 Terras Indígenas. São contempladas pela Compensação Ambiental da BR-429/RO a Terra Indígena Rio Branco, Terra Indígena Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau e Terra Indígena Massaco. A Aldeia São Luis, objeto deste estudo, está localizada na Terra Indígena Rio Branco, dentre os indígenas que vivem na aldeia, destacam-se em quantidade os Tupari. A comunidade luta por seus direitos e pela proteção de suas fronteiras que são marcadas por conflitos de concepções, interesses e temporalidades distintas. A problemática proposta nesta dissertação, considerando o contexto da frente de expansão e frente pioneira representada pela BR-429/RO, foi verificar qual a relação dos Tupari da Aldeia São Luis com o avanço desenvolvimentista da rodovia, ao que se relaciona à territorialidade da comunidade e os procedimentos de compensação ambiental. O objetivo que conduziu a investigação abalizou-se na análise das influências socioambientais existentes entre Aldeia São Luis localizada na Terra Indígena Rio Branco, considerando a etnia Tupari, e o avanço desenvolvimentista da rodovia BR- 429/RO, frente à compensação ambiental advinda de empreendimento de infraestrutura de transporte que interfere na Terra Indígena. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e natureza descritiva. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos, destaca-se a revisão bibliográfica, bem como, pesquisa documental fundamentada no Estudo de Componente Indígena (ECI), no Plano de Controle Ambiental (PCA), no Plano Básico Ambiental Indígena (PBAI) e nos Relatórios Mensais de Andamento desenvolvidos no decorrer do processo de compensação ambiental da BR-429/RO, os quais foram analisados considerando perspectivas teóricas da etnicidade, cultura, territorialidade e compensação ambiental. Como resultados a pesquisa apresentou a contextualização histórica sobre os indígenas da Amazônia, de Rondônia e em especial os Tupari, buscando compreender o processo histórico, analisando suas relações com a Terra Indígena Rio Branco e Aldeia São Luis. Da mesma forma, foram analisados os procedimentos de compensação ambiental em relação à Terra Indígena Rio Branco impactada pela construção e pavimentação da rodovia BR-429/RO, representante de uma frente de expansão e frente pioneira que avança sobre os territórios indígenas dos Tupari. Constatou-se que o ambiente onde os indígenas Tupari estão inseridos é essencial para a subsistência econômica e preservação de sua cultura e identidade, mas mesmo diante das legislações ambientais, a Terra Indígena mostra-se como território sujeito à exploração externa. Neste sentido, concluiu-se que a compensação ambiental brasileira apresenta potencial para minimização das perdas, fornecendo benefícios aos indígenas afetados pelo empreendimento, entretanto, o modelo não tem conseguido internalizar os reais impactos gerados na dimensão ambiental, uma vez que as perdas de capital natural e impactos socioambientais incorrem em bens não passíveis de compensação.
Transport infrastructure projects that influence Indigenous Lands are subject to the environmental compensation process, the damage caused should be compensating because of the impacts generated by the location. In this sense, FUNAI is an intervening body in the process. The state of Rondônia is composed of 29 indigenous ethnic groups distributed in 23 Indigenous Lands. The BR-429 / RO Environmental Compensation include the Rio Branco Indigenous Territory, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory and Massaco Indigenous Territory. The São Luis, object of this study, is located in the Rio Branco Indigenous Land, among the indigenous people who live in the village, the Tupari stand out in quantity. The community fights for its rights and for the protection of its borders, which are marking by conflicts of conceptions, interests and different temporalities. The problem proposed in this dissertation, considering the context of the pioneering and expansion front represented by BR-429/RO, was to verify the relationship between the Tupari of São Luis and the developmental advance of the highway, with respect to the territoriality of the community and environmental compensation procedures. The objective that led the investigation was analyzing in the analysis of the socioenvironmental influences existing between São Luis located in the Rio Branco Indigenous Territory, considering the Tupari ethnic group, and the developmental advance of the BR- 429/RO highway, in view of the environmental compensation resulting from undertakings transport infrastructure that interferes with indigenous lands. It is a qualitative research, exploratory and descriptive in nature. Among the methodological procedures, the bibliographic review stands out, as well as, documentary research in the Study of Indigenous Component (ECI), in the Environmental Control Plan (PCA), in the Basic Environmental Indigenous Plan (PBAI) and in the Monthly Progress Reports developed during the process of environmental compensation of BR- 429/RO, which were analyzed considering theoretical perspectives of ethnicity, culture, territoriality and environmental compensation. As a result, the research presented the historical contextualization about the indigenous peoples of the Amazon, Rondônia and especially the Tupari, seeking to understand the historical process, analyzing their relations with the Rio Branco Indigenous Land and São Luis. In the same way, environmental compensation procedures were analyzed in relation to the Rio Branco Indigenous Land impacted by the construction and paving of the BR-429 / RO highway, which represents an expansion and pioneer front that advances over the Tupari indigenous territories. It was founding that the environment where the Tupari Indians are inserting is essential for economic subsistence and preservation of their culture and identity, but even in the face of environmental legislation, the Indigenous Land is a territory subject to external exploitation. In this sense, it was concluded that the Brazilian environmental compensation has the potential to minimize losses, providing benefits to the indigenous affected by the enterprise, however the model has not been able to internalize, the real impacts generated in the environmental dimension, since the losses of natural capital and socioenvironmental impacts incur non-compensated assets.
Transport infrastructure projects that influence Indigenous Lands are subject to the environmental compensation process, the damage caused should be compensating because of the impacts generated by the location. In this sense, FUNAI is an intervening body in the process. The state of Rondônia is composed of 29 indigenous ethnic groups distributed in 23 Indigenous Lands. The BR-429 / RO Environmental Compensation include the Rio Branco Indigenous Territory, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory and Massaco Indigenous Territory. The São Luis, object of this study, is located in the Rio Branco Indigenous Land, among the indigenous people who live in the village, the Tupari stand out in quantity. The community fights for its rights and for the protection of its borders, which are marking by conflicts of conceptions, interests and different temporalities. The problem proposed in this dissertation, considering the context of the pioneering and expansion front represented by BR-429/RO, was to verify the relationship between the Tupari of São Luis and the developmental advance of the highway, with respect to the territoriality of the community and environmental compensation procedures. The objective that led the investigation was analyzing in the analysis of the socioenvironmental influences existing between São Luis located in the Rio Branco Indigenous Territory, considering the Tupari ethnic group, and the developmental advance of the BR- 429/RO highway, in view of the environmental compensation resulting from undertakings transport infrastructure that interferes with indigenous lands. It is a qualitative research, exploratory and descriptive in nature. Among the methodological procedures, the bibliographic review stands out, as well as, documentary research in the Study of Indigenous Component (ECI), in the Environmental Control Plan (PCA), in the Basic Environmental Indigenous Plan (PBAI) and in the Monthly Progress Reports developed during the process of environmental compensation of BR- 429/RO, which were analyzed considering theoretical perspectives of ethnicity, culture, territoriality and environmental compensation. As a result, the research presented the historical contextualization about the indigenous peoples of the Amazon, Rondônia and especially the Tupari, seeking to understand the historical process, analyzing their relations with the Rio Branco Indigenous Land and São Luis. In the same way, environmental compensation procedures were analyzed in relation to the Rio Branco Indigenous Land impacted by the construction and paving of the BR-429 / RO highway, which represents an expansion and pioneer front that advances over the Tupari indigenous territories. It was founding that the environment where the Tupari Indians are inserting is essential for economic subsistence and preservation of their culture and identity, but even in the face of environmental legislation, the Indigenous Land is a territory subject to external exploitation. In this sense, it was concluded that the Brazilian environmental compensation has the potential to minimize losses, providing benefits to the indigenous affected by the enterprise, however the model has not been able to internalize, the real impacts generated in the environmental dimension, since the losses of natural capital and socioenvironmental impacts incur non-compensated assets.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compensação ambiental; Frente de expansão; Frente pioneira; Impactos ambientais; Tupari; Environmental compensation; Expansion front; Pioneer front; Environmental impacts
Citação
BONIFÁCIO, Diego Rodrigues. As interfaces da aldeia São Luis e da rodovia BR-429/RO diante do processo de compensação ambiental. 2020. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 14 dez. 2020. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/2924.