Encontro pragmático entre história ambiental e história indígena nas missões da frente missionária do Uruguay nos séculos XVII E XVIII
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Data
2022-12
Autores
Orientador
Laroque, Luís Fernando da Silva
Banca
Machado, Neli Teresinha Galarce
Silva, Sergio Baptista Da
Santos, Júlio Ricardo Quevedo Dos
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Nos séculos XVII e XVIII, os territórios que configuram os países da Argentina, Uruguai e sul do Brasil integraram a Frente Missionária do Uruguay, espaço de atuação da Companhia de Jesus. Os referidos territórios eram habitados por distintos povos indígenas, dentre eles, os Guarani, com ampla atuação nos espaços missionais. Além da diversidade cultural e linguística, os referidos territórios eram formandos por uma ampla biodiversidade, a exemplo de biomas como a Mata Atlântica e o Pampa. Ao longo da formação e existência das reduções jesuíticas, os padres jesuítas precisaram se relacionar com os distintos grupos indígenas, mas ainda com os extra-humanos que habitavam estes espaços e também fizeram parte das missões. Com base na História Ambiental e na História Indígena problematiza-se: Como se deram as relações entre os povos Guarani e padres jesuítas com os seres que integravam os territórios da Frente Missionária do Uruguay durante os séculos XVII e XVIII? Qual a influência dos extra-humanos no cotidiano dos espaços missionais? A formação dos espaços missionais e a introdução de sujeitos de outras espécies e conhecimentos geraram transformações no ambiente? Os extra- humanos agiram ou reagiram as transformações? A pesquisa construiu um diálogo entre a História Ambiental e História Indígena visando compreender as ações dos Guarani, jesuítas e extra-humanos que habitaram e interagiram na Frente Missionária do Uruguay, nos séculos XVII e XVIII. Para isso, foi realizado uma apresentação dos biomas onde as reduções foram erguidas e quais suas principais características. Também foi possível encontrar intercâmbios de conhecimentos entre os Guarani e os jesuítas, com foco nas espécies nativas que constantemente foram mencionadas na documentação, a exemplo, do cedro, erva-mate, milho, mandioca, tabaco, dentre outros. As ações mais visíveis aos olhos dos padres e descritas na documentação foram analisadas, demonstrando as diferentes ontologias que atuaram nos eventos do período colonial, mas recorrendo a História Ambiental com vista a analisa-los a partir dos encontros pragmáticos, visando não sobrepor ontologias. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa e descritiva, com base em análise documentais de cartas ânuas e outros escritos dos padres jesuítas. Os resultados demonstram que as reduções jesuíticas não foram formadas apenas por relações entre Guarani e jesuítas, mas contou de encontros e desencontros com os extra- humanos. Por fim, defende-se que o encontro pragmático entre História Ambiental e História Indígena é profícuo para análises de eventos em que diferentes ontologias são operantes.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the territories that make up the countries of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil formed part of the Uruguay Missionary Front, a space for the Society of Jesus to act. These territories were inhabited by different indigenous peoples, among them, the Guarani, with extensive activity in missional spaces. In addition to cultural and linguistic diversity, these territories were formed by a wide biodiversity, such as biomes such as the Atlantic Forest and the Pampa. Throughout the formation and existence of the Jesuit reductions, the Jesuit priests needed to relate to the different indigenous groups, but also to the extra-humans who inhabited these spaces and were also part of the missions. Based on Environmental History and Indigenous History, it is questioned: How were the relations between the Guarani peoples and Jesuit priests with the beings that integrated the territories of the Uruguay Missionary Front during the 17th and 18th centuries? What is the influence of extra-humans in the daily life of missional spaces? Did the formation of missional spaces and the introduction of subjects of other species and knowledge generate changes in the environment? Did nonhumans act or react to the transformations? The research built a dialogue between Environmental History and Indigenous History in order to understand the actions of the Guarani, Jesuits and extra-humans who inhabited and interacted in the Uruguay Missionary Front, in the 17th and 18th centuries. For this, a presentation was made of the biomes where the reductions were erected and what are their main characteristics. It was also possible to find exchanges of knowledge between the Guarani and the Jesuits, focusing on native species that were constantly mentioned in the documentation, such as cedar, yerba mate, corn, manioc, tobacco, among others. The most visible actions in the eyes of the priests and described in the documentation were analyzed, demonstrating the different ontologies that acted in the events of the colonial period, but using Environmental History in order to analyze them from pragmatic encounters, aiming not to overlap ontologies. The methodology used is qualitative and descriptive, based on documentary analysis of annual letters and other writings by the Jesuit priests. The results demonstrate that the Jesuit reductions were not only formed by relations between Guarani and Jesuits, but also recounted encounters and disagreements with extra- humans. Finally, it is argued that the pragmatic encounter between Environmental History and Indigenous History is fruitful for the analysis of events in which different ontologies are operative.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the territories that make up the countries of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil formed part of the Uruguay Missionary Front, a space for the Society of Jesus to act. These territories were inhabited by different indigenous peoples, among them, the Guarani, with extensive activity in missional spaces. In addition to cultural and linguistic diversity, these territories were formed by a wide biodiversity, such as biomes such as the Atlantic Forest and the Pampa. Throughout the formation and existence of the Jesuit reductions, the Jesuit priests needed to relate to the different indigenous groups, but also to the extra-humans who inhabited these spaces and were also part of the missions. Based on Environmental History and Indigenous History, it is questioned: How were the relations between the Guarani peoples and Jesuit priests with the beings that integrated the territories of the Uruguay Missionary Front during the 17th and 18th centuries? What is the influence of extra-humans in the daily life of missional spaces? Did the formation of missional spaces and the introduction of subjects of other species and knowledge generate changes in the environment? Did nonhumans act or react to the transformations? The research built a dialogue between Environmental History and Indigenous History in order to understand the actions of the Guarani, Jesuits and extra-humans who inhabited and interacted in the Uruguay Missionary Front, in the 17th and 18th centuries. For this, a presentation was made of the biomes where the reductions were erected and what are their main characteristics. It was also possible to find exchanges of knowledge between the Guarani and the Jesuits, focusing on native species that were constantly mentioned in the documentation, such as cedar, yerba mate, corn, manioc, tobacco, among others. The most visible actions in the eyes of the priests and described in the documentation were analyzed, demonstrating the different ontologies that acted in the events of the colonial period, but using Environmental History in order to analyze them from pragmatic encounters, aiming not to overlap ontologies. The methodology used is qualitative and descriptive, based on documentary analysis of annual letters and other writings by the Jesuit priests. The results demonstrate that the Jesuit reductions were not only formed by relations between Guarani and Jesuits, but also recounted encounters and disagreements with extra- humans. Finally, it is argued that the pragmatic encounter between Environmental History and Indigenous History is fruitful for the analysis of events in which different ontologies are operative.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Encontros ontológicos; Extra-humanos; Guarani; Reduções Jesuíticas; Ontological encounters; Extra-humans; Jesuitic reductions
Citação
CRISTO, Tuani De. Encontro pragmático entre história ambiental e história indígena nas missões da frente missionária do Uruguay nos séculos XVII E XVIII. 2022. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 19 dez. 2022. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3451.