Estrutura da comunidade de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) e a restauração de mata ciliar: estudo de caso no Rio Taquari, RS
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Date
2022-05
Authors
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Périco, Eduardo
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Romanowski, Helena P.
Cajaíba, Reinaldo Lucas
Dalzochio, Marina S.
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Abstract
As matas ciliares são ambientes essenciais para o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, e a fragmentação da paisagem resultante das ações antrópicas gera fatores negativos e consequências para a biodiversidade. As borboletas são insetos considerados bioindicadores que podem ser utilizados para avaliar a integridade dos habitats. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura da comunidade de borboletas na mata ciliar do rio Taquari, tendo em vista o andamento do Programa de Recuperação Sustentável da Mata Ciliar do Rio Taquari-PRSMCRT, acordo entre o Ministério Público e os municípios da região. Foram amostrados nove pontos subdivididos em três áreas: alterada, preservada e restaurada. Foi utilizado o protocolo PAR para avaliação da conservação da mata ciliar em cada ponto e avaliado o uso e ocupação do solo do entorno. Para as análises foram consideradas a abundância, a riqueza, e a composição das espécies. Para verificar as variações da riqueza e abundância em relação aos pontos utilizou-se o Modelo Linear Generalizado (GLM). A composição de espécies foi testada por meio da PERMANOVA complementada por NMDS. A independência espacial dos pontos foi testada pela análise de Moran I. Para determinar possíveis espécies indicadoras dos ambientes foi calculado o IndVal, e, para integrar na análise, o CLAM foi aplicado para classificar as espécies como generalistas e especialistas. Para verificar a substituição da fauna entre as áreas foi aplicada a análise da β-diversidade. Os testes estatísticos foram realizados no ambiente R Project e no programa PAST 4.03. Foram registrados 1.376 indivíduos e 121 espécies, com um esforço amostral de 360 horas-rede. A maior riqueza e abundância foi encontrada em ambiente preservado, seguido pelo alterado e restaurado. Ambientes restaurados e alterados apresentam menor riqueza que preservados (p<0,05). Com relação a composição, áreas preservadas diferem de áreas alteradas e restauradas, e estas também diferem entre si. O IndVal apresentou 18 espécies como indicadores, e o CLAM identificou 13 espécies como especialistas. A β-diversidade indicou que as assembleias de espécies são diferentes entre os ambientes e a maior contribuição para isso foi a substituição. Concluiu-se que as áreas de restauração do PRSMCRT são ambientes que estão sendo reestruturados distintamente em relação ao ecossistema de uma área natural para a comunidade de borboletas.
Riparian forests are essential environments for the ecosystems balance, and landscape fragmentation resulting from human actions generates negative factors and consequences for biodiversity. Butterflies are insects considered bioindicators that can be used to assess the habitat integrity. The research aim was to evaluate the structure of the butterfly community in the Taquari river riparian forest along with the Restauration Project of the Riparian Forest of the Taquari River, which is an agreement among the Public Ministry and the cities in the region. Nine points were sampled, subdivided into three areas: altered, preserved and restored. The PAR protocol was used to evaluate the riparian forest conservation at each spot and the surrounding land use and occupation. For the analysis, abundance, richness and species composition were considered. To verify the variations in richness and abundance in relation to the spots, the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used. Species compositions was tested using PERMANOVA complemented by NMDS. The spots spatial independence was tested by the analysis of Moran I. To determine possible environments indicator species, the IndVal was calculated and with it, the CLAM was applied to classify the species as generalists and specialists. To verify the fauna substitution among the areas, the β-diversity analysis was applied. The statistical tests were performed in the R Project and in the PAST 4.03 program. A total of 1.376 individuals and 121 species were recorded, with a sampling effort of 360 hours-net. The highest richness and abundance were found in preserved environments, followed by altered and restored ones. Restored and altered environments pointed lower richness than the preserved ones (p<0.05). The composition of preserved areas differs from each other. IndVal presented 18 species as indicators and CLAM identified 13 species as specialists. The β-diversity indicated that species assemblages are different among environments and the highest contribution to this was turnover. It was concluded that restoration areas are environments that are being restructured distinctly in relation to a natural area ecosystem.
Riparian forests are essential environments for the ecosystems balance, and landscape fragmentation resulting from human actions generates negative factors and consequences for biodiversity. Butterflies are insects considered bioindicators that can be used to assess the habitat integrity. The research aim was to evaluate the structure of the butterfly community in the Taquari river riparian forest along with the Restauration Project of the Riparian Forest of the Taquari River, which is an agreement among the Public Ministry and the cities in the region. Nine points were sampled, subdivided into three areas: altered, preserved and restored. The PAR protocol was used to evaluate the riparian forest conservation at each spot and the surrounding land use and occupation. For the analysis, abundance, richness and species composition were considered. To verify the variations in richness and abundance in relation to the spots, the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used. Species compositions was tested using PERMANOVA complemented by NMDS. The spots spatial independence was tested by the analysis of Moran I. To determine possible environments indicator species, the IndVal was calculated and with it, the CLAM was applied to classify the species as generalists and specialists. To verify the fauna substitution among the areas, the β-diversity analysis was applied. The statistical tests were performed in the R Project and in the PAST 4.03 program. A total of 1.376 individuals and 121 species were recorded, with a sampling effort of 360 hours-net. The highest richness and abundance were found in preserved environments, followed by altered and restored ones. Restored and altered environments pointed lower richness than the preserved ones (p<0.05). The composition of preserved areas differs from each other. IndVal presented 18 species as indicators and CLAM identified 13 species as specialists. The β-diversity indicated that species assemblages are different among environments and the highest contribution to this was turnover. It was concluded that restoration areas are environments that are being restructured distinctly in relation to a natural area ecosystem.
Description
Keywords
Mata Ciliar; Borboletas; Paisagem; Fragmentação de Habitat; Restauração; Mata Atlântica; Riparian Forest; Butterflies; Restoration; Landscape; Habitat Fragmentation; Atlantic Forest
Citation
ALMEIDA, Carla Cenci. Estrutura da comunidade de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) e a restauração de mata ciliar: estudo de caso no Rio Taquari, RS. 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 30 maio 2022. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3395.