Regulação e fiscalização de loteamentos urbanos no nordeste brasileiro e seus reflexos socioeconômicos e ambientais
Loading...
Date
2024-12
relationships.isAdvisorOf
Konrad, Odorico
relationships.isRefereeOf
Damasceno, Mônica Maria Siqueira
Machado, Érica Priscilla Carvalho de Lima
Machado, Neli Teresinha Galarce
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
A implantação de loteamentos urbanos, como ferramenta de expansão urbana, tem-se constituído como o principal fator de urbanização das cidades, sejam elas de pequeno, médio e grande porte. No Brasil, os loteamentos se fortaleceram a partir programas federais de habitação, tais como o “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” , “Verde Amarelo” e mais recentemente com a lei que criou o novo minha casa minha vida no governo federal atual. Contudo, têm sido verificados diversos reflexos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, em decorrência da implantação desses espaços, que justificaram a necessidade de uma pesquisa científica aprofundada, visando avaliar se os referidos danos são decorrentes da ausência ou ineficiência de uma regulação/fiscalização adequada, tendo como locus da pesquisa o município de Iguatu, no Estado do Ceará, a partir da identificação dos loteamentos existentes, e escolha de três bairros decorrentes desses loteamentos. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas, sendo: a pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada através do portal CAPES, Scielo, entre outros, com trabalhos publicados nos últimos vinte anos; pesquisa documental, através da legislação pertinente ao tema, em âmbito nacional e local; pesquisa de campo, por meio da aplicação de questionários aos moradores de loteamentos previamente escolhidos, que possuem maior número de lotes e edificações existentes, bem como o loteamento mais recente instalado na cidade, além de aplicação dos questionários aos loteadores responsáveis pela implantação dos loteamentos, e aos gestores públicos de 05 órgãos municipais vinculados ao tema da pesquisa. Além disso, utilizamos os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentáveis como referencial de pesquisas, em especial ODS 11 que trata das cidades e comunidades sustentáveis, por acreditar que é inseparável a discussão do referido Objetivo e o estudo da expansão urbana. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a legislação municipal voltada ao tema encontra-se desatualizada, necessitando de reavaliações, em especial o plano diretor da cidade que data de mais de dez anos, bem como se verificou que não existe uma regulação adequada para implantação pelo poder público das áreas verdes e institucionais em loteamentos, o que vem em desacordo com o objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS 11), além de existir uma fiscalização deficiente e inoperante, que não tem realizado o papel para a qual existe, ocasionando como resultado danos ambentais, impactos econômicos e sociais nos moradores dos espaços territoriais onde os loteamentos estão instalados. A conclusão é que os mecanismos que regulam a implantação dos loteamentos, embora existam, são ineficazes, sendo agravada por uma fiscalização inoperante e inadequada, em especial nas fases da implantação, que contribuiu para a inexistência de reflexos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, os quais precisam ser corrigidos pelo poder público.
The implementation of urban subdivisions, as a tool for urban expansion, has been the main factor in the urbanization of cities, whether small, medium or large. In Brazil, subdivisions were strengthened by federal housing programs, such as “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, “Verde Amarelo” and more recently with the law that created the new My House My Life in the current federal government. However, several environmental, social and economic reflexes have been verified, as a result of the implementation of these spaces, which justified the need for in-depth scientific research, aiming to assess whether the aforementioned damages are due to the absence or inefficiency of adequate regulation/supervision, having as the research locus, the municipality of Iguatu, in the State of Ceará, based on the identification of existing subdivisions, and the choice of three neighborhoods resulting from these subdivisions, with the subdivision with the largest number of lots and one with the most recent implementation being chosen as criteria. To this end, this research was developed in three stages, with bibliographical research carried out through CAPS, Scielo, among others, with works published in the last twenty years; documentary research, through legislation relevant to the topic, at a national and local level, field research, through the application of questionnaires to residents of previously chosen subdivisions that have a greater number of lots and existing buildings, as well as the most recent subdivision installed in the city, in addition to applying questionnaires to the developers responsible for implementing the subdivisions, and to the public managers of 05 municipal bodies linked to the research topic. Furthermore, we use sustainable development objectives as a research reference, especially SDG 11 which deals with sustainable cities and communities, as we believe that the discussion of urban expansion is inseparable without us being able to intersect with said objective. As a result, it was noticed that the municipal legislation on the subject is outdated, requiring reassessments, especially the city's master plan, which is more than ten years old. It was also found that there is no adequate regulation for the implementation by the public authorities of green and institutional areas in subdivisions, which is at odds with the objective of sustainable development (SDG 11). In addition, there is deficient and ineffective supervision, which has not performed the role for which it exists, resulting in environmental damage and economic and social reflexes on residents of the territorial spaces where the subdivisions are installed.
The implementation of urban subdivisions, as a tool for urban expansion, has been the main factor in the urbanization of cities, whether small, medium or large. In Brazil, subdivisions were strengthened by federal housing programs, such as “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, “Verde Amarelo” and more recently with the law that created the new My House My Life in the current federal government. However, several environmental, social and economic reflexes have been verified, as a result of the implementation of these spaces, which justified the need for in-depth scientific research, aiming to assess whether the aforementioned damages are due to the absence or inefficiency of adequate regulation/supervision, having as the research locus, the municipality of Iguatu, in the State of Ceará, based on the identification of existing subdivisions, and the choice of three neighborhoods resulting from these subdivisions, with the subdivision with the largest number of lots and one with the most recent implementation being chosen as criteria. To this end, this research was developed in three stages, with bibliographical research carried out through CAPS, Scielo, among others, with works published in the last twenty years; documentary research, through legislation relevant to the topic, at a national and local level, field research, through the application of questionnaires to residents of previously chosen subdivisions that have a greater number of lots and existing buildings, as well as the most recent subdivision installed in the city, in addition to applying questionnaires to the developers responsible for implementing the subdivisions, and to the public managers of 05 municipal bodies linked to the research topic. Furthermore, we use sustainable development objectives as a research reference, especially SDG 11 which deals with sustainable cities and communities, as we believe that the discussion of urban expansion is inseparable without us being able to intersect with said objective. As a result, it was noticed that the municipal legislation on the subject is outdated, requiring reassessments, especially the city's master plan, which is more than ten years old. It was also found that there is no adequate regulation for the implementation by the public authorities of green and institutional areas in subdivisions, which is at odds with the objective of sustainable development (SDG 11). In addition, there is deficient and ineffective supervision, which has not performed the role for which it exists, resulting in environmental damage and economic and social reflexes on residents of the territorial spaces where the subdivisions are installed.
Description
Keywords
Fiscalização; Loteamentos; ODS; Pesquisa; Allotments; Research; Inspection; SDG; Urbanization; Urbanização
Citation
LIMA, Francisco Francinildo Oliveira. Regulação e fiscalização de loteamentos urbanos no nordeste brasileiro e seus reflexos socioeconômicos e ambientais. 2024. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 17 dez. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4866.