Vulnerabilidade e desenvolvimento humano: um estudo de caso dos catadores de materiais recicláveis da região centro sul cearense
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Data
2021-09
Autores
Orientador
Barden, Júlia Elisabete
Banca
Mazzarino, Jane Márcia
Bagolin, Izete Pengo
Maciel, Harine Matos
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Resumo
Com a elevação da quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerados pela crescente população nas cidades, somado ao baixo nível de reciclagem no Brasil, a presença dos catadores de materiais recicláveis se torna mais importante neste cenário. Por outro lado, percebe-se que historicamente eles se encontram em condições de extrema pobreza e de marginalização social. Condições estas que colocam os indivíduos em situações de risco de morte iminente, ou que os privam de ter uma vida longa e saudável, com liberdades sociais e políticas, situações relacionadas diretamente à vulnerabilidade social e desenvolvimento humano. A partir deste contexto, esta tese busca analisar os principais aspectos das condições de vida e de trabalho dos catadores de materiais recicláveis da região centro sul cearense, a fim de propor ações para mitigar as condições de vulnerabilidade social a que são submetidos, com o intuito de promover o desenvolvimento humano deles. Para tanto, procedeu-se um estudo de caso, com a análise de dados e uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizada entrevistas com os catadores e os gestores municipais. Localizada no estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, a região centro sul cearense possui 16 municípios, divididos em dois grupos de oito municípios cada. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo demonstraram a existência de diversas vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas que privam os catadores de terem melhores condições de vida e desenvolvimento humano. Foram percebidas vulnerabilidades mais latentes nos catadores que possuem menor atenção dos órgãos públicos, como os catadores que trabalham no lixão. Neste caso, além de condições de insalubridade na coleta, há catadores que residem no lixão, onde são privados de diversos serviços públicos, como água potável, energia elétrica, entre outros. Como resultado desta tese, indica-se que para promoção do desenvolvimento humano dos catadores, há necessidade de realizar a mitigação das vulnerabilidades existentes junto aos mesmos. Para isso, sugere-se a formação de uma estrutura de suporte que envolva os catadores de materiais recicláveis, sociedade civil e setores público e privado, onde seja possível executar ações que realizem maior integração deles à sociedade, removendo as vulnerabilidades existentes, tornando-os autônomos, proporcionando-lhes maiores oportunidades e melhores condições de uma vida longa, saudável e que eles valorizem.
With the increase in the amount of solid waste generated by the growing population in cities, added to the low level of recycling in Brazil, the presence of recyclable material collectors becomes more important in this scenario. On the other hand, it can be seen that historically they are in conditions of extreme poverty and social marginalization. These conditions put individuals at risk of imminent death, or that deprive them of having a long and healthy life, with social and political freedoms, situations directly related to social vulnerability and human development. From this context, this thesis seeks to analyze the main aspects of the living and working conditions of recyclable material collectors in the central south region of Ceará, in order to propose actions to mitigate the conditions of social vulnerability to which they are subjected, with the aim of to promote their human development. To this end, a case study was carried out, with data analysis and a qualitative approach, and interviews were carried out with collectors and municipal managers. Located in the state of Ceará, northeast of Brazil, the central south region of Ceará has 16 municipalities, divided into two groups of eight municipalities each. The results of the field research demonstrated the existence of several socioeconomic vulnerabilities that deprive the collectors of having better living conditions and human development. More latent vulnerabilities were perceived in the collectors who have less attention from public agencies, such as the collectors who work at the dump. In this case, in addition to unsanitary conditions in the collection, there are collectors who live in the dump, where they are deprived of various public services, such as drinking water, electricity, among others. As a result of this thesis, it is indicated that in order to promote the human development of waste pickers, there is a need to mitigate existing vulnerabilities with them. For this, it is suggested the formation of a support structure that involves the collectors of recyclable materials, civil society and the public and private sectors, where it is possible to carry out actions that carry out greater integration of them to society, removing existing vulnerabilities, making them self-employed, providing them with greater opportunities and better conditions for a long, healthy life that they value.
With the increase in the amount of solid waste generated by the growing population in cities, added to the low level of recycling in Brazil, the presence of recyclable material collectors becomes more important in this scenario. On the other hand, it can be seen that historically they are in conditions of extreme poverty and social marginalization. These conditions put individuals at risk of imminent death, or that deprive them of having a long and healthy life, with social and political freedoms, situations directly related to social vulnerability and human development. From this context, this thesis seeks to analyze the main aspects of the living and working conditions of recyclable material collectors in the central south region of Ceará, in order to propose actions to mitigate the conditions of social vulnerability to which they are subjected, with the aim of to promote their human development. To this end, a case study was carried out, with data analysis and a qualitative approach, and interviews were carried out with collectors and municipal managers. Located in the state of Ceará, northeast of Brazil, the central south region of Ceará has 16 municipalities, divided into two groups of eight municipalities each. The results of the field research demonstrated the existence of several socioeconomic vulnerabilities that deprive the collectors of having better living conditions and human development. More latent vulnerabilities were perceived in the collectors who have less attention from public agencies, such as the collectors who work at the dump. In this case, in addition to unsanitary conditions in the collection, there are collectors who live in the dump, where they are deprived of various public services, such as drinking water, electricity, among others. As a result of this thesis, it is indicated that in order to promote the human development of waste pickers, there is a need to mitigate existing vulnerabilities with them. For this, it is suggested the formation of a support structure that involves the collectors of recyclable materials, civil society and the public and private sectors, where it is possible to carry out actions that carry out greater integration of them to society, removing existing vulnerabilities, making them self-employed, providing them with greater opportunities and better conditions for a long, healthy life that they value.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vulnerabilidade; Desenvolvimento humano; Catadores de materiais recicláveis; Vulnerability; Human development; Recyclable material collectors
Citação
SILVA, Antônio Carlos Alves Da. Vulnerabilidade e desenvolvimento humano: um estudo de caso dos catadores de materiais recicláveis da região centro sul cearense. 2021. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 02 set. 2021. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3305.