Dessulfurização do biogás por processo biológico utilizando fibra de coco como meio suporte e digestato como fonte de nutrientes
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Data
2023-03
Autores
Orientador
Konrad, Odorico
Banca
Hoehne, Lucélia
Ethur, Eduardo Miranda
Colares, Gustavo Stolzenberg
Título do periódico
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Título do Volume
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Resumo
Levantamentos recentes apontam que as energias renováveis terão um papel relevante para atender à crescente demanda energética, pois podem contribuir para a redução das emissões atmosféricas. Dentre estas, o biogás é uma fonte versátil que pode ser produzida a partir de biomassas residuais. Para viabilizar seu aproveitamento, no entanto, é preciso remover impurezas, como o sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S), da corrente gasosa. Nesta dissertação, buscou-se avaliar um biofiltro para a dessulfurização do biogás proveniente de um biodigestor comercial. Uma revisão da literatura forneceu um panorama geral do desempenho de tecnologias estudadas recentemente, evidenciando também que mais de 90% das produções científicas foram feitas no exterior. Uma pesquisa qualitativa com técnicos brasileiros de diferentes setores sugeriu que a remoção biológica e a aeração são as técnicas mais adequadas para o cenário brasileiro. Desta forma, foi montado um protótipo com volume útil de 5,07 L. O biofiltro foi construído utilizando fibra e chips de casca de coco como meio suporte e digestato do biodigestor como fonte de nutrientes e enriquecimento microbiano. A intenção foi a de reduzir o passivo ambiental pós-uso, permitindo que o material seja incorporado ao processo de compostagem da empresa parceira deste projeto. Os testes foram conduzidos com o biogás de um biodigestor, sendo que o gás tinha fluxo ascendente e a solução de nutrientes tinha fluxo descendente. A performance foi avaliada comparando a composição do biogás na entrada do sistema com a do biogás efluente ao sistema. A maior eficiência de dessulfurização observada foi de 75,80%, porém com considerável variação entre os experimentos. Após o período experimental, análises de microscopia confirmaram a presença de depósitos sólidos e um aumento no teor de enxofre. Foi levantada a hipótese de que o digestato de uma planta de biodigestão com alto teor de sólidos pode não ser a opção mais adequada para o suprimento de nutrientes no biofiltro. Alguns ajustes são recomendados para os próximos testes. Sugere-se a continuidade dos estudos para melhor avaliar a influência de parâmetros operacionais na performance de dessulfurização.
Recent studies suggest that renewable energies will have a significant role in meeting the demand for energy supply. That is because of their potential contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to the sector. Biogas, in particular, is a versatile energy source that can be produced from waste biomass. However, the removal of impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the gas flow is required to enable its use. In this work, a biofilter for the desulfurization of biogas is evaluated. A literature review offered an overview of the technologies that were studied recently. It was noted that 90% of the papers came from other countries. A qualitative survey with Brazilian experts from different industries suggested that biological removal and air injection are the most suitable options for the local scenario. Subsequently, a 5.07 L prototype was assembled. The biofilter had coconut chips and fiber as packing material, and digestate was the source of nutrients and microbial enrichment. The aim was to reduce the end-of-use environmental footprint because the material could be composted after use. Tests were performed with the biogas from an anaerobic digester. The biogas had an ascending flow, and the nutrient solution flowed in a counter-current mode. The desulfurization performance was evaluated by comparing the inlet and outlet biogas compositions. The highest desulfurization efficiency observed was 75.80% but with considerable variation between tests. Succeeding the experiments, a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the packing material showed the presence of solid deposits, with a modest increase in the sulfur content. It was suggested that the digestate from a real-scale biogas plant with high solids content was not suitable as a nutrient solution. In addition, recommendations are made for the continuity of the studies, so that the influence of operational parameters in desulfurization performance is better evaluated.
Recent studies suggest that renewable energies will have a significant role in meeting the demand for energy supply. That is because of their potential contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to the sector. Biogas, in particular, is a versatile energy source that can be produced from waste biomass. However, the removal of impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the gas flow is required to enable its use. In this work, a biofilter for the desulfurization of biogas is evaluated. A literature review offered an overview of the technologies that were studied recently. It was noted that 90% of the papers came from other countries. A qualitative survey with Brazilian experts from different industries suggested that biological removal and air injection are the most suitable options for the local scenario. Subsequently, a 5.07 L prototype was assembled. The biofilter had coconut chips and fiber as packing material, and digestate was the source of nutrients and microbial enrichment. The aim was to reduce the end-of-use environmental footprint because the material could be composted after use. Tests were performed with the biogas from an anaerobic digester. The biogas had an ascending flow, and the nutrient solution flowed in a counter-current mode. The desulfurization performance was evaluated by comparing the inlet and outlet biogas compositions. The highest desulfurization efficiency observed was 75.80% but with considerable variation between tests. Succeeding the experiments, a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the packing material showed the presence of solid deposits, with a modest increase in the sulfur content. It was suggested that the digestate from a real-scale biogas plant with high solids content was not suitable as a nutrient solution. In addition, recommendations are made for the continuity of the studies, so that the influence of operational parameters in desulfurization performance is better evaluated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biogás; Dessulfurização; Remoção de H2S; Biofiltro; Biogas; Desulfurization; H2S removal; Biofilter
Citação
BECKER, Christine Montemaggiore. Dessulfurização do biogás por processo biológico utilizando fibra de coco como meio suporte e digestato como fonte de nutrientes. 2023. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 29 mar. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3513.