Em busca de um desenvolvimento sustentável adequado à América do Sul: análise a partir da teoria do Ius Constitutionale Commune
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Data
2025-02-20
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Turatti, Luciana
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Cenci, Daniel Rubens
Rempel, Claudete
Fröhlich, Sandro
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A década de 1970 e as seguintes marcam o estabelecimento das discussões acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável na arena política internacional. Porém está longe de ser uma temática pacífica, desde sua formulação até efeitos mediatos e imediatos atuais, o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável sofre questionamentos. Concomitantemente, a partir de diversos processos de redemocratização, muitas das constituições dos países da América do Sul foram promulgadas. Nesta conjuntura, ainda reforçou-se o movimento iniciado, sobretudo, no período após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, denominado Ius Constitutionale Commune - ICCAL. Para a América Latina, nota-se a figura da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) como importante indutora do ICCAL. Neste sentido, a partir da Opinião Consultiva 23 de 2017 e o caso Comunidades indígenas miembros de la Asociación Lhaka Honhat (Nuestra Tierra) vs. Argentina” de 2020, a CIDH lança olhares para o estabelecimento do direito humano ao ambiente equilibrado. Considerando a interação das três temáticas, esta pesquisa guia-se a partir do seguinte problema fundamental: é possível construir um conceito alternativo de desenvolvimento sustentável adequado ao contexto da América do Sul? Sendo possível, há conexão entre os princípios fundantes deste conceito e o Ius Constitutionale Commune? Para responder satisfatoriamente a extensa problemática, optou-se por diferentes procedimentos metodológicos em cadeia, ou seja, o resultado de um é importante para o procedimento seguinte. Sistematizado em um encadeamento de procedimentos, a presente pesquisa parte do método indutivo, de abordagem qualitativa, pesquisa exploratória com instrumentais técnicos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com coleta transversall e análise hermenêutica. Considera-se que há uma diferença significativa entre os preceitos fundantes de um desenvolvimento sustentável para a América do Sul e o discurso clássico de desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta diferença denota-se, especialmente, na análise da esfera ambiental da sustentabilidade e, pelo entendimento daquilo que se pretende por desenvolvimento sustentável, o qual impacta nas esferas social e econômica. Por sua vez, a CIDH está em um movimento de esverdeamento dos direitos humanos, ou seja, mais próximo do conceito clássico de desenvolvimento sustentável do que dos preceitos fundantes sul-americanos, ao passo que os textos constitucionais, salvo Bolívia e Equador, também estão em linha com o conceito clássico. Assim, percebe-se um terreno frutífero para a ICCAL ambiental na região, embora distante dos preceitos fundamentais aventados por este trabalho.
The 1970s and the following decades mark the establishment of discussions about sustainable development in the international political arena. However, the concept of sustainable development is far from being a peaceful topic; from its formulation to its current immediate and immediate effects, it has been questioned. At the same time, many of the constitutions of the South American countries were promulgated as a result of various processes of re-democratization. At this juncture, the movement that began, above all, in the period after the Second World War, called Ius Constitutionale Commune - ICCAL, was further strengthened. In Latin America, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) was an important inducer of ICCAL. In this sense, since Advisory Opinion 23 of 2017 and the case “Comunidades indígenas miembros de la Asociación Lhaka Honhat (Nuestra Tierra) vs. Argentina” of 2020, the IACHR has looked at establishing the human right to a balanced environment. Considering the interaction of the three themes, this research is guided by the following fundamental problem: is it possible to build an alternative concept of sustainable development that is appropriate to the South American context? If it is possible, is there a connection between the founding principles of this concept and the Ius Constitutionale Commune? In order to provide a satisfactory answer to this extensive problem, different methodological procedures were chosen in a chain, i.e. the result of one procedure is important for the next. Systematized in a chain of procedures, this research is based on the inductive method, with a qualitative approach, exploratory research with technical instruments of bibliographical and documentary research with transversal collection and hermeneutic analysis. It is considered that there is a significant difference between the founding precepts of sustainable development for South America and the classic discourse of sustainable development. This difference can be seen especially in the analysis of the environmental sphere of sustainability and the understanding of what is meant by sustainable development, which impacts on the social and economic spheres. For its part, the IACHR is moving towards a greener approach to human rights, in other words, closer to the classic concept of sustainable development than to the founding precepts of South America, while the constitutional texts, with the exception of Bolivia and Ecuador, are also in line with the classic concept. Thus, we can see that there is fruitful ground for environmental ICCAL in the region, albeit far from the fundamental precepts put forward in this paper.
The 1970s and the following decades mark the establishment of discussions about sustainable development in the international political arena. However, the concept of sustainable development is far from being a peaceful topic; from its formulation to its current immediate and immediate effects, it has been questioned. At the same time, many of the constitutions of the South American countries were promulgated as a result of various processes of re-democratization. At this juncture, the movement that began, above all, in the period after the Second World War, called Ius Constitutionale Commune - ICCAL, was further strengthened. In Latin America, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) was an important inducer of ICCAL. In this sense, since Advisory Opinion 23 of 2017 and the case “Comunidades indígenas miembros de la Asociación Lhaka Honhat (Nuestra Tierra) vs. Argentina” of 2020, the IACHR has looked at establishing the human right to a balanced environment. Considering the interaction of the three themes, this research is guided by the following fundamental problem: is it possible to build an alternative concept of sustainable development that is appropriate to the South American context? If it is possible, is there a connection between the founding principles of this concept and the Ius Constitutionale Commune? In order to provide a satisfactory answer to this extensive problem, different methodological procedures were chosen in a chain, i.e. the result of one procedure is important for the next. Systematized in a chain of procedures, this research is based on the inductive method, with a qualitative approach, exploratory research with technical instruments of bibliographical and documentary research with transversal collection and hermeneutic analysis. It is considered that there is a significant difference between the founding precepts of sustainable development for South America and the classic discourse of sustainable development. This difference can be seen especially in the analysis of the environmental sphere of sustainability and the understanding of what is meant by sustainable development, which impacts on the social and economic spheres. For its part, the IACHR is moving towards a greener approach to human rights, in other words, closer to the classic concept of sustainable development than to the founding precepts of South America, while the constitutional texts, with the exception of Bolivia and Ecuador, are also in line with the classic concept. Thus, we can see that there is fruitful ground for environmental ICCAL in the region, albeit far from the fundamental precepts put forward in this paper.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade; Bloco de Constitucionalidade; Controle de convencionalidade; Interesse público; Sustainability; Constitutionality bloc; Conventionality control; Public interest
Citação
NIEDERMAYER, Guilherme Weiss. Em busca de um desenvolvimento sustentável adequado à America do Sul: análise a partir da teoria do Ius Constitutionale Commune. 2025. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 16 jan. 2025. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4845.