Distribuição biogeográfica de Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) no pampa brasileiro
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Data
2025
Autores
Orientador
Ferla, Noeli Juarez
Banca
Noronha, Aloyséia Cristina da Silva
Castro, Elizeu Barbosa de
Santos, Charles Fernando dos
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Resumo
O Pampa brasileiro é dividido em sub-regiões de acordo com suas características edafoclimáticas: campo misto de andropogôneas e compostas (AC), campo arbustivo (AO), campo com areais (AS), campo com barba-de-bode (BB), campo com espinilho (ES), campo graminoso (GR), campo litorâneo (LI), e campo de solos rasos (SR). O bioma é o menos protegido e o que mais perdeu área natural em termos percentuais no país. Além da perda do patrimônio genético, a perda da biodiversidade ocasionada pela degradação pode acarretar alterações no equilíbrio natural dos ecossistemas. Phytoseiidae é representada principalmente por ácaros predadores. O reconhecimento da distribuição das espécies de ácaros Phytoseiidae ao longo do bioma Pampa e sua associação com características ambientais, podem nortear estudos e estratégias para o manejo de agroecossistemas locais. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a composição de Phytoseiidae nas sub-regiões fisiográficas do Pampa brasileiro e avaliar sua interação com a presença de outros ácaros nas plantas hospedeiras, estações do ano e fatores edáficos, florísticos e topográficos das sub-regiões. Para a realização do estudo, foram coletadas sazonalmente folhas e caules de 30 plantas nas oito sub-regiões da porção do bioma Pampa presente no Brasil. As plantas foram triadas com o esforço amostral de uma hora por planta e os ácaros identificados com o auxílio de microscópio de contraste de fase Zeiss e chaves dicotômicas. Foram coletadas 1300 fêmeas de Phytoseiidae, distribuídas em 16 gêneros e 46 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Phytoseius guianensis De Leon (41,6%), Euseius inouei (Ehara & Moraes) (10,1%), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (9,1%) e Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) (7,9%). Foram registrados oito novos relatos de ocorrência de espécies para o Rio Grande do Sul. As sub-regiões LI e GR foram as mais ricas, AO foi a mais diversa e AS a menos diversa. As variáveis ambientais sub-região, estação do ano, solo (ordem), vegetação, relevo (ondulação) e relevo (forma) foram significativas, enquanto família de plantas não foi. A presença de outros grupos de ácaros nas plantas tem um efeito significativo sobre a distribuição das espécies de Phytoseiidae.
The Brazilian Pampa is divided into subregions according to its soil and climate characteristics: campo misto de andropogôneas e compostas (AC), campo arbustivo (AO), campo com areais (AS), campo com barba-de-bode (BB), campo com espinilho (ES), campo graminoso (GR), campo litorâneo (LI), and campo de solos rasos (SR). This biome is the least protected and has the highest percentage of natural area lost in the country. Besides the loss of genetic heritage material, the loss of biodiversity caused by the degradation can lead to changes in the natural balance of ecosystems. Phytoseiidae is represented mainly by predator mites. The recognition of the distribution of Phytoseiidae mite species throughout the Pampa biome and its association with environmental characteristics can guide studies and strategies for new management tools of local agroecosystems. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the composition of Phytoseiidae in the physiographic subregions of the Brazilian Pampa and to evaluate its interaction with the presence of other mites on host plants, season and edaphic, floristic and topographic factors of the subregions. To carry out the study, leaves and stems of 30 plants were seasonally collected in the eight subregions of the portion of the Pampa biome present in Brazil. The plants were screened with a sampling effort of one hour per sample and the mites were identified using a Zeiss phase contrast microscope and dichotomous keys. A total of 1300 adult females of Phytoseiidae were collected, distributed in 16 genera and 46 species. The most abundant species were Phytoseius guianensis De Leon (41.6%), Euseius inouei (Ehara & Moraes) (10.1%), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (9.1%) and Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) (7.9%). Eight new occurrences of species were reported for Rio Grande do Sul. The subregions LI and GR presented the highest richness, AO the highest diversity, and AS the lowest diversity. The environmental variables subregion, season, soil (order), vegetation, relief (undulation), and relief (height) were significant, while plant family was not. The presence of other groups of mites on plants had a significant effect on the distribution of predator species.
The Brazilian Pampa is divided into subregions according to its soil and climate characteristics: campo misto de andropogôneas e compostas (AC), campo arbustivo (AO), campo com areais (AS), campo com barba-de-bode (BB), campo com espinilho (ES), campo graminoso (GR), campo litorâneo (LI), and campo de solos rasos (SR). This biome is the least protected and has the highest percentage of natural area lost in the country. Besides the loss of genetic heritage material, the loss of biodiversity caused by the degradation can lead to changes in the natural balance of ecosystems. Phytoseiidae is represented mainly by predator mites. The recognition of the distribution of Phytoseiidae mite species throughout the Pampa biome and its association with environmental characteristics can guide studies and strategies for new management tools of local agroecosystems. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the composition of Phytoseiidae in the physiographic subregions of the Brazilian Pampa and to evaluate its interaction with the presence of other mites on host plants, season and edaphic, floristic and topographic factors of the subregions. To carry out the study, leaves and stems of 30 plants were seasonally collected in the eight subregions of the portion of the Pampa biome present in Brazil. The plants were screened with a sampling effort of one hour per sample and the mites were identified using a Zeiss phase contrast microscope and dichotomous keys. A total of 1300 adult females of Phytoseiidae were collected, distributed in 16 genera and 46 species. The most abundant species were Phytoseius guianensis De Leon (41.6%), Euseius inouei (Ehara & Moraes) (10.1%), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (9.1%) and Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) (7.9%). Eight new occurrences of species were reported for Rio Grande do Sul. The subregions LI and GR presented the highest richness, AO the highest diversity, and AS the lowest diversity. The environmental variables subregion, season, soil (order), vegetation, relief (undulation), and relief (height) were significant, while plant family was not. The presence of other groups of mites on plants had a significant effect on the distribution of predator species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Predador; Phytoseius guianensis; Phytoseius guianensis; Neoseiulus tunus; Predator
Citação
AZEVEDO, Adria Oliveira de. Distribuição biogeográfica de Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) no pampa brasileiro. 2024. Tese (Doutorado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 19 dez. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4840.