A Indústria Brasileira: Desindustrialização e Reprimarização no Século XXI
Carregando...
Data
2023-11
Autores
Orientador
Dalmáz, Mateus
Banca
Spengler, Rafael Luis
Milan, Edmilson
Título do periódico
ISSN
Título do Volume
Editor
Resumo
Ao longo dos últimos anos é o Brasil vem demonstrando sinais visíveis de desindustrialização. Entre 2005 e 2020, a indústria brasileira encolheu 1,5% anualmente. Enquanto a manufatura brasileira encontra-se em ritmo de baixa, o setor agro-exportador vem registrando taxas de crescimento ano após ano. A participação do setor agrícola no PIB brasileiro aumentou consideravelmente, puxados principalmente pelas exportações destes. Conforme aponta estudo realizado pelo IPEA (2011), uma economia voltada para a exportação de produtos brutos tem menor potencial de geração de riqueza, criação de emprego e arrecadação tributária do que se tais recursos naturais fossem beneficiados no país, além de gerar maior desigualdade social. Os mesmos estudos da IPEA (2011) também indicam que a redução da produção de bens de alta complexidade, caso se torne permanente, gerará efeitos negativos sobre a taxa de crescimento do PIB per capita brasileiro, sobre o nível de desigualdade de renda e também sobre o desenvolvimento econômico. Portanto, define-se que a desindustrialização possui característica negativas para a economia. Essa também é a hipótese assumida neste presente trabalho. Partindo da hipótese que o Brasil passou a apresentar alguns sinais nesse sentido, passou a ser necessária a averiguação de um possível processo de desindustrialização. Servindo como orientação para a elaboração da pesquisa, o pressuposto de que o processo de desindustrialização deve ser encarado como um processo nocivo e que prejudica o crescimento econômico no longo prazo foi ancorado como ponto central da problematização do trabalho. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral desta monografia é analisar as mais distintas características da indústria, avaliando indicadores importantes como o câmbio, coeficientes de importação e exportação, participação em PIB e principalmente teorizando conceitos teóricos relacionados ao tema. Já o objetivo específico da monografia é verificar se existe o aquecimento do setor primário brasileiro enquanto ocorre o desaquecimento da indústria, caracterizando os fenômenos de desindustrialização e reprimarização. Com a intenção de verificar se as hipóteses formuladas se aplicam, utiliza-se a abordagem exploratória, que não resultará em respostas e conclusões exatas e precisas, e sim, em considerações reflexivas e detalhadas (Chemin, 2015). Para tal, se fará uso das hipóteses desenvolvidas como guia para a investigação, que empregará fontes bibliográficas. A metodologia quantitativa, por sua vez, permitiu a formulação de um texto coeso, reflexivo, com forte poder de argumentação e comprovação, fazendo uso de uma diversidade de fontes e dados que o enriquecem. As teorias que são utilizadas para compreender o contexto e analisar o possível processo de desindustrialização e reprimarização brasileiro são o Desenvolvimentismo do argentino Raúl Prebisch (1949), a Teoria da Dependência do brasileiro Celso Furtado (1954) e o Novo Desenvolvimentismo de Bresser Pereira (2010). Estas são utilizadas como referencial teórico para analisar as relações e econômicas e internacionais, visto que o tema envolve múltiplos processos complexos.
Over the past few years, Brazil has been demonstrating visible signs of deindustrialization. Between 2005 and 2020, Brazilian industry shrank by 1.5% annually. While Brazilian manufacturing is at a declining pace, the agro-export sector has been recording growth rates year after year. The participation of the agricultural sector in Brazilian GDP increased considerably, driven mainly by their exports. As shown by a study carried out by IPEA (2011), an economy focused on the export of raw products has less potential for wealth generation, job creation and tax collection. than if such natural resources were benefited in the country, in addition to generating greater social inequality. The same studies by IPEA (2011) also indicate that the reduction in the production of highly complex goods, if it becomes permanent, will generate negative effects on the growth rate of Brazilian GDP per capita, on the level of income inequality and also on economic development. Therefore, it is defined that deindustrialization has negative characteristics for the economy. This is also the hypothesis assumed in this present work. Based on the hypothesis that Brazil began to show some signs in this regard, it became necessary to investigate a possible deindustrialization process. Serving as guidance for the preparation of the research, the assumption that the deindustrialization process must be seen as a harmful process that harms economic growth in the long term was anchored as a central point in the problematization of the work. In this sense, the general objective of this monograph is to analyze the most distinct characteristics of the industry, evaluating important indicators such as exchange rate, import and export coefficients, participation in GDP and mainly theorizing theoretical concepts related to the topic. The specific objective of the monograph is to verify whether there is a warming of the Brazilian primary sector while the industry is slowing down, characterizing the phenomena of deindustrialization and reprimarization. With the intention of verifying whether the formulated hypotheses apply, an exploratory approach is used, which will not result in exact and precise answers and conclusions, but rather in reflective and detailed considerations (Chemin, 2015). To this end, the hypotheses developed will be used as a guide for the investigation, which will employ bibliographic sources. The quantitative methodology, in turn, allowed the formulation of a cohesive, reflective text, with a strong power of argumentation and proof, making use of a diversity of sources and data that enrich it. The theories that are used to understand the context and analyze the possible process of Brazilian deindustrialization and reprimarization are the Developmentalism of the Argentinean Raúl Prebisch (1949), the Dependency Theory of the Brazilian Celso Furtado (1954) and the New Developmentalism of Bresser Pereira (2010). These are used as a theoretical framework to analyze economic and international relations, as the topic involves multiple complex processes.
Over the past few years, Brazil has been demonstrating visible signs of deindustrialization. Between 2005 and 2020, Brazilian industry shrank by 1.5% annually. While Brazilian manufacturing is at a declining pace, the agro-export sector has been recording growth rates year after year. The participation of the agricultural sector in Brazilian GDP increased considerably, driven mainly by their exports. As shown by a study carried out by IPEA (2011), an economy focused on the export of raw products has less potential for wealth generation, job creation and tax collection. than if such natural resources were benefited in the country, in addition to generating greater social inequality. The same studies by IPEA (2011) also indicate that the reduction in the production of highly complex goods, if it becomes permanent, will generate negative effects on the growth rate of Brazilian GDP per capita, on the level of income inequality and also on economic development. Therefore, it is defined that deindustrialization has negative characteristics for the economy. This is also the hypothesis assumed in this present work. Based on the hypothesis that Brazil began to show some signs in this regard, it became necessary to investigate a possible deindustrialization process. Serving as guidance for the preparation of the research, the assumption that the deindustrialization process must be seen as a harmful process that harms economic growth in the long term was anchored as a central point in the problematization of the work. In this sense, the general objective of this monograph is to analyze the most distinct characteristics of the industry, evaluating important indicators such as exchange rate, import and export coefficients, participation in GDP and mainly theorizing theoretical concepts related to the topic. The specific objective of the monograph is to verify whether there is a warming of the Brazilian primary sector while the industry is slowing down, characterizing the phenomena of deindustrialization and reprimarization. With the intention of verifying whether the formulated hypotheses apply, an exploratory approach is used, which will not result in exact and precise answers and conclusions, but rather in reflective and detailed considerations (Chemin, 2015). To this end, the hypotheses developed will be used as a guide for the investigation, which will employ bibliographic sources. The quantitative methodology, in turn, allowed the formulation of a cohesive, reflective text, with a strong power of argumentation and proof, making use of a diversity of sources and data that enrich it. The theories that are used to understand the context and analyze the possible process of Brazilian deindustrialization and reprimarization are the Developmentalism of the Argentinean Raúl Prebisch (1949), the Dependency Theory of the Brazilian Celso Furtado (1954) and the New Developmentalism of Bresser Pereira (2010). These are used as a theoretical framework to analyze economic and international relations, as the topic involves multiple complex processes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Indústria Brasileira; Reprimarização; Desindustrialização; Câmbio; Novo Desenvolvimentismo; Brazilian Industry; Reprimarization; Deindustrialization; Exchange; New Developmentalism
Citação
KRINDGES, Micael Gustavo. A Indústria Brasileira: Desindustrialização e Reprimarização no Século XXI. 2023. Monografia (Graduação em Relações Internacionais) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 07 nov. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4096.