A disponibilidade de serviços ecossistêmicos da entomofauna aquática adjacente pode variar em diferentes sistemas de manejo agrícolas?
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Data
2023-03
Autores
Orientador
Périco, Eduardo
Banca
Silveira, Eliane Fraga Da
Silva, Darliane Evangelho
Corrêa, Luiz Liberato Costa
Título do periódico
ISSN
Título do Volume
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Resumo
A degradação ambiental provocada pelas atividades antrópicas atinge todos os ambientes, inclusive os dulcícolas, onde os insetos aquáticos desempenham importante papel. A avaliação ambiental a partir dos serviços ecossistêmicos é uma abordagem contemporânea, mas com o potencial de trazer maior valorização e ímpeto para entender a escala de sua importância, valor econômico e conservação. Este trabalho avaliou comunidades de insetos aquáticos próximas a lavouras de arroz convencionais, orgânicas e banhados naturais, no Pampa gaúcho, de outubro de 2021 a março de 2022, realizando-se quatro campanhas de coleta. Foram coletados 1.152 espécimes, divididos em 7 ordens, 22 famílias e 31 gêneros. Os táxons mais abundantes foram Chironomus (Diptera), com 421 indivíduos, seguido de Tropisternus (Coleoptera) 152; Sigara e Belostoma (Hemiptera), com 147 e 135 indivíduos cada. O tratamento com maior abundância foi o convencional, seguindo do orgânico e natural, que apresentaram, respectivamente, 448, 411 e 293 espécimes. Entretanto, 87,5 % dos insetos das lavouras convencionais pertenciam a apenas uma família - Chironomidae (Diptera), tratamentos que apresentaram uma riqueza de 10 gêneros, enquanto que os pontos naturais somaram 23 e os orgânicos, 22 gêneros. GLM demonstrou diferenças significativas na riqueza entre lavouras convencionais e os demais tratamentos - (p≤0.009) lavouras orgânicas (p≤0.014) banhados, situação idêntica para a abundância - (p≤0.001) orgânicas e banhados. Na composição, as lavouras convencionais se distanciaram dos demais tratamentos, enquanto que as lavouras orgânicas e os banhados naturais se sobrepuseram em dois pontos, compartilhando 58 % dos táxons – NMDS (13 % stress). Testes INDval apontaram o gênero Sigara (p≤0.9;0.4) e a Família Pyralidae (p≤1.0;0.1) como táxons indicadores para as lavouras orgânicas. Análises SIMPER demonstraram que os tratamentos convencionais são 73,2 % dissimilares dos orgânicos, 78,9 % dissimilares dos banhados naturais e que estes são 69,5 % dissimilares das lavouras orgânicas. Identificou-se 28 possíveis serviços ecossistêmicos - cinco de provisão, 10 de suporte, dois de regulação e oito culturais, congregados em 11 grupos. N1 e O3 apresentaram o maior número de grupos entre as comunidades, e os tratamentos convencionais, os menores. Alguns serviços são específicos de determinados tratamentos. PERMANOVA aponta diferença na composição de grupos funcionais entre os tratamentos (p≤0.01), o que não se aplica à composição dos serviços ecossistêmicos entre esses ambientes (p≤0.8). A composição da paisagem parece não influenciar de forma significativa. Nitratos apresentaram resultados baixos ou inexpressivos, enquanto nitritos não foram detectados na água.
Environmental degradation caused by human activities affects all environments, including freshwater ones, where aquatic insects play an important role. Environmental assessment from ecosystem services is a contemporary approach, but with the potential to bring greater appreciation and impetus to understand the scale of its importance, economic value and conservation. This work evaluated communities of aquatic insects close to conventional and organic rice fields and natural marshes, in the Pampa gaúcho, from October 2021 to March 2022, carrying out four gathering campaigns. A total of 1,152 specimens were collected, divided into 7 orders, 22 families and 31 genera. The most abundant taxa were Chironomus (Diptera), with 421 individuals, followed by Tropisternus (Coleoptera) 152; Sigara and Belostoma (Hemiptera), with 147 and 135 individuals each. The treatment with the greatest abundance was conventional, followed by organic and natural, which presented, respectively, 448, 411 and 293 specimens. However, 87.5% of insects from conventional crops belonged to only one family - Chironomidae (Diptera), treatments that presented a richness of 10 genera, while the natural points totalizing 23 and the organic ones, 22 genera. GLM showed significant differences in richness between conventional crops and the other treatments - (p≤0.009) organic crops (p≤0.014) wetlands, identical situation for abundance - (p≤0.001) organic and wetlands. In composition, conventional crops distanced themselves from other treatments, while organic crops and natural marshes overlapped in two points, sharing 58% of taxa – NMDS (13% stress). INDval tests indicated the genus Sigara (p≤0.9;0.4) and the family Pyralidae (p≤1.0;0.1) as indicator taxa for organic crops. SIMPER analyzes showed that conventional treatments are 73.2% dissimilar to organic crops, 78.9% dissimilar to natural wetlands and that these are 69.5% dissimilar to organic crops. A total of 28 possible ecosystem services were identified - five providing, 10 supporting, two regulating and eight cultural, grouped into 11 groups. N1 and O3 had the highest number of groups among the communities, and conventional treatments, the smallest. Some services are specific to certain treatments. PERMANOVA points to a difference in the composition of functional groups between treatments (p≤0.01), which does not apply to the composition of ecosystem services between these environments (p≤0.8). The composition of the landscape does not seem to influence significantly. Nitrates showed low or expressionless, while nitrites were not detected in the water.
Environmental degradation caused by human activities affects all environments, including freshwater ones, where aquatic insects play an important role. Environmental assessment from ecosystem services is a contemporary approach, but with the potential to bring greater appreciation and impetus to understand the scale of its importance, economic value and conservation. This work evaluated communities of aquatic insects close to conventional and organic rice fields and natural marshes, in the Pampa gaúcho, from October 2021 to March 2022, carrying out four gathering campaigns. A total of 1,152 specimens were collected, divided into 7 orders, 22 families and 31 genera. The most abundant taxa were Chironomus (Diptera), with 421 individuals, followed by Tropisternus (Coleoptera) 152; Sigara and Belostoma (Hemiptera), with 147 and 135 individuals each. The treatment with the greatest abundance was conventional, followed by organic and natural, which presented, respectively, 448, 411 and 293 specimens. However, 87.5% of insects from conventional crops belonged to only one family - Chironomidae (Diptera), treatments that presented a richness of 10 genera, while the natural points totalizing 23 and the organic ones, 22 genera. GLM showed significant differences in richness between conventional crops and the other treatments - (p≤0.009) organic crops (p≤0.014) wetlands, identical situation for abundance - (p≤0.001) organic and wetlands. In composition, conventional crops distanced themselves from other treatments, while organic crops and natural marshes overlapped in two points, sharing 58% of taxa – NMDS (13% stress). INDval tests indicated the genus Sigara (p≤0.9;0.4) and the family Pyralidae (p≤1.0;0.1) as indicator taxa for organic crops. SIMPER analyzes showed that conventional treatments are 73.2% dissimilar to organic crops, 78.9% dissimilar to natural wetlands and that these are 69.5% dissimilar to organic crops. A total of 28 possible ecosystem services were identified - five providing, 10 supporting, two regulating and eight cultural, grouped into 11 groups. N1 and O3 had the highest number of groups among the communities, and conventional treatments, the smallest. Some services are specific to certain treatments. PERMANOVA points to a difference in the composition of functional groups between treatments (p≤0.01), which does not apply to the composition of ecosystem services between these environments (p≤0.8). The composition of the landscape does not seem to influence significantly. Nitrates showed low or expressionless, while nitrites were not detected in the water.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pampa; Áreas úmidas; Insetos aquáticos; Serviços ecossistêmicos; Wetlands; Aquatic insetc; Ecosystem services
Citação
VOGNACH, Pauline Amanda. A disponibilidade de serviços ecossistêmicos da entomofauna aquática adjacente pode variar em diferentes sistemas de manejo agrícolas?. 2023. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 16 mar. 2023. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3493.