A Gazprom como ferramenta estratégica no setor econômico russo nas relações com a Europa no período 1999 – 2012
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Data
2015-11
Autores
Orientador
Dalmáz, Mateus
Banca
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Resumo
O gás natural é um recurso natural de caráter econômico e estratégico muito importante para a Rússia, o qual só ganhou posição de destaque na agenda russa a partir do momento em que Vladimir Putin integra o governo como primeiro ministro (1999). O gás natural foi visto como um vetor em direção à expansão econômica, recuperação do poder e prestígio perdidos ao final da Guerra Fria e ajustes internos do país, sendo a Gazprom (estatal russa) a protagonista da expansão russa no setor energético. No ocidente, a Europa, potencial consumidor, com deficiência na área de produção energética, passa a ser um alvo para as políticas comerciais da Gazprom, a partir de contratos de fornecimento, criação de Joint Ventures e um posicionamento que evidencia a dependência europeia em relação ao fornecimento russo. Expostos os fatos, a presente monografia tem como objetivo analisar os principais impactos do uso da Gazprom como ferramenta econômica e estratégica em relação à Europa entre o ano de 1999 (início do primeiro governo Putin, como primeiro ministro) e 2012 (término do segundo mandato como primeiro ministro), investigando a transformação ocorrida no Estado Russo ao final da Guerra Fria, as características da Gazprom e suas estratégias em relação ao gás natural. Será também analisado nesse contexto as relações comerciais russas com a Europa, bem como os volumes transacionados de gás natural. Buscar-se-á a partir de uma pesquisa com metodologia de caráter exploratório e qualitativo responder a problemática “Quais os principais impactos do uso da Gazprom como ferramenta estratégica da Rússia no âmbito econômico e diplomático entre 1999 e 2012 nas relações com a Europa?” A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do tema, consultaram-se vários autores, que se caracterizam por abordagens realistas, em que foi possível confirmar as hipóteses, como o crescimento de 518,5% das receitas advindas da exportação de gás natural, aumento da influencia a partir da consolidação do cenário de dependência europeia e uma maior presença russa no continente europeu.
Natural Gas is a natural resource of economic and strategic nature extremely important for Russia, which has only gotten a prominent position in the Russian agenda from the moment in which Vladimir Putin integrates the government as Prime Minister (1999). The Natural Gas was seen as a vector towards the economic expansion, recuperation of the potency and of the prestige, which both were lost at the end of the Cold War and internal adjustments of the country, in which the protagonist of the Russian expansion in the energy sector is Gazprom (Russian State Company). In the West, the Europe, potential consumer, with disabilities in the energy production area, becomes a target for the Gazprom commercial policies, through supply contracts, Joint Ventures creation and a positioning which evidences the European dependencies in relation to the Russian supply. Exposed the facts, this monograph aims to analyze the main impacts of the usage of Gazprom as an economic and a strategic tool in relation to Europe between 1999 (beginning of the first Putin government as Prime Minister) and 2012 (end of the second mandate as Prime Minister), investigating the transformation occurred in the Russian State at the end of Cold War, the Gazprom characteristics and its strategies in relation to the Natural Gas. In this context, the Russian commercial relations with Europe, as well as the traded volumes of Natural Gas will be also analyzed. It will be sought, from a survey of exploratory and qualitative methodology, to answer the issue: “What are the main impacts of the usage of Gazprom as a Russian strategic tool in the economic and diplomatic ambit between 1999 and 2012 in the relations with the Europe? “. Through the bibliographic search about the theme, various authors were consulted. These authors are characterized by realistic approaches, in which it was possible to confirm the hypothesis, with the increase of 518,5% of the revenues from the exportation of Natural Gas, raise of the influence from the consolidation of the scenario of European dependence and the growth of the Russian presence in the European continent.
Natural Gas is a natural resource of economic and strategic nature extremely important for Russia, which has only gotten a prominent position in the Russian agenda from the moment in which Vladimir Putin integrates the government as Prime Minister (1999). The Natural Gas was seen as a vector towards the economic expansion, recuperation of the potency and of the prestige, which both were lost at the end of the Cold War and internal adjustments of the country, in which the protagonist of the Russian expansion in the energy sector is Gazprom (Russian State Company). In the West, the Europe, potential consumer, with disabilities in the energy production area, becomes a target for the Gazprom commercial policies, through supply contracts, Joint Ventures creation and a positioning which evidences the European dependencies in relation to the Russian supply. Exposed the facts, this monograph aims to analyze the main impacts of the usage of Gazprom as an economic and a strategic tool in relation to Europe between 1999 (beginning of the first Putin government as Prime Minister) and 2012 (end of the second mandate as Prime Minister), investigating the transformation occurred in the Russian State at the end of Cold War, the Gazprom characteristics and its strategies in relation to the Natural Gas. In this context, the Russian commercial relations with Europe, as well as the traded volumes of Natural Gas will be also analyzed. It will be sought, from a survey of exploratory and qualitative methodology, to answer the issue: “What are the main impacts of the usage of Gazprom as a Russian strategic tool in the economic and diplomatic ambit between 1999 and 2012 in the relations with the Europe? “. Through the bibliographic search about the theme, various authors were consulted. These authors are characterized by realistic approaches, in which it was possible to confirm the hypothesis, with the increase of 518,5% of the revenues from the exportation of Natural Gas, raise of the influence from the consolidation of the scenario of European dependence and the growth of the Russian presence in the European continent.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rússia; Europa; Gazprom; Gás Natural
Citação
DRIEMEIER, Jéferson Andrei. A Gazprom como ferramenta estratégica no setor econômico russo nas relações com a Europa no período 1999 – 2012. 2015. Monografia (Graduação em Relações Internacionais) – Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, nov. 2015. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1003.