Desenvolvimento de Ludwigia peruviana em solo contendo níquel
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Data
2025-03-19
Autores
Orientador
Hoehne, Lucélia
Banca
Johann, Liana
Borsoi, Cleide
Steffens, Juliana
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Resumo
Os solos estão cada vez mais sendo contaminados por metais pesados (HM), esta contaminação pode ocorrer de forma natural ou antropogênica. As principais fontes antropogênicas são a indústria, o petróleo e os agroquímicos. Os HM no solo causam problemas para a sociedade, desde a diminuição da produção agrícola, contaminação das águas e dos alimentos, além de provocar doenças respiratórias, cardíacas, digestivas e câncer. Para a remoção destes poluentes existem diversas técnicas que utilizam princípios físicos, químicos e biológicos. Dentre esses, a biorremediação tem ganhado mais adeptos e estudos nos últimos anos, pois utilizam bactérias, fungos ou plantas para essa descontaminação, diminuindo custos e sendo mais sustentável. Além disso, existem plantas que podem ser tolerantes em meio contendo HM. A Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) é uma planta nativa de áreas alagadiças da América do Sul e Caribenha, a qual se mostra com um ótimo potencial fitorremediador para fósforo e nitrogênio. Logo, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial desta planta como bioindicadora ou fitorremediadora de um solo contaminado por Ni da região do Vale do Taquari, RS. Para isto, a planta foi cultivada em solos contendo Ni. Foram avaliados parâmetros tais como: Tamanho do broto maior, número de broto, teor clorofila, massa seca, desenvolvimento radicular, número de flor e quantidade bioacumulada Ni. E como resultado L. peruviana mostrou baixa eficiência na absorção de Ni, acumulando apenas pequenas quantidades nas raízes em tratamentos com menor contaminação de Ni. Além disso, observou-se que o excesso de Ni reduziu o crescimento, a brotação, o teor de clorofila, a massa seca total, o tamanho de raiz e o desenvolvimento reprodutivo da planta. Conclui-se que a L. peruviana não é uma planta indicada para fitorremediação de áreas contaminadas com o Ni. Contudo, essa espécie pode ser utilizada como bioindicadora e em programas de revegetação de áreas degradadas, dado o seu bom desenvolvimento em solos compactados e pobres em nutrientes.
Soils are increasingly being contaminated by heavy metals (HM), which can occur naturally or anthropogenically. The main anthropogenically generated sources are industry, oil, and agrochemicals. HM in soil causes problems for society, including reduced agricultural production, water and food contamination, and respiratory, heart, and digestive diseases, as well as cancer. There are several techniques that use physical, chemical, and biological principles to remove these pollutants. Among these, bioremediation has gained more followers and studies in recent years, as it uses bacteria, fungi, or plants for decontamination, reducing costs and being more sustainable. In addition, there are plants that can be tolerant to environments containing HM. Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) is a plant native to marshy areas of South America and the Caribbean, which has shown excellent phytoremediation potential for phosphorus and nitrogen. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of this plant as a bioindicator or phytoremediator of a soil contaminated by Ni in the Taquari Valley region, RS. For this purpose, the plant was grown in soils containing Ni. Parameters such as: size of the largest shoot, number of shoots, chlorophyll content, dry mass, root development, number of flowers and amount of bioaccumulated Ni were evaluated. As a result, L. peruviana showed low efficiency in Ni absorption, accumulating only small amounts in the roots in treatments with lower Ni contamination. In addition, it was observed that excess Ni reduced growth, sprouting, chlorophyll content, total dry mass, root size and reproductive development of the plant. It is concluded that L. peruviana is not a suitable plant for phytoremediation of areas contaminated with Ni. However, this species can be used as a bioindicator and in revegetation programs of degraded areas, given its good development in compacted and nutrient-poor soils.
Soils are increasingly being contaminated by heavy metals (HM), which can occur naturally or anthropogenically. The main anthropogenically generated sources are industry, oil, and agrochemicals. HM in soil causes problems for society, including reduced agricultural production, water and food contamination, and respiratory, heart, and digestive diseases, as well as cancer. There are several techniques that use physical, chemical, and biological principles to remove these pollutants. Among these, bioremediation has gained more followers and studies in recent years, as it uses bacteria, fungi, or plants for decontamination, reducing costs and being more sustainable. In addition, there are plants that can be tolerant to environments containing HM. Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) is a plant native to marshy areas of South America and the Caribbean, which has shown excellent phytoremediation potential for phosphorus and nitrogen. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of this plant as a bioindicator or phytoremediator of a soil contaminated by Ni in the Taquari Valley region, RS. For this purpose, the plant was grown in soils containing Ni. Parameters such as: size of the largest shoot, number of shoots, chlorophyll content, dry mass, root development, number of flowers and amount of bioaccumulated Ni were evaluated. As a result, L. peruviana showed low efficiency in Ni absorption, accumulating only small amounts in the roots in treatments with lower Ni contamination. In addition, it was observed that excess Ni reduced growth, sprouting, chlorophyll content, total dry mass, root size and reproductive development of the plant. It is concluded that L. peruviana is not a suitable plant for phytoremediation of areas contaminated with Ni. However, this species can be used as a bioindicator and in revegetation programs of degraded areas, given its good development in compacted and nutrient-poor soils.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ludwigia peruviana; Contaminação; Níquel; Contamination; Níckel
Citação
PEREIRA, Cristiano de Aguiar. Desenvolvimento de Ludwigia Peruviana em solo contendo níquel. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 13 dez. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4872.