Cultivo de Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) em solos contendo diferentes proporções de lodo de curtume com cromo
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Data
2024-12
Autores
Orientador
Hoehne, Lucélia
Banca
Freitas, Elisete Maria de
Borsoi, Cleide
Steffens, Juliana
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Resumo
Os metais pesados são substâncias tóxicas, dos quais o cromo (Cr) é prejudicial ao organismo e ao ambiente. O Cr é um dos mais nocivos, podendo se acumular no sistema nervoso, causando disfunções comportamentais. Por outro lado, as indústrias de couros são importantes para geração de empregos, porém seu processo produtivo gera contaminantes, como o Cr, que apresentam complexidade no tratamento final, podendo causar a contaminação de solos ou águas subterrâneas. Existem diferentes tipos de tratamentos de solos contaminados, porém a identificação em relação à contaminação destes, por vezes, torna-se cara ou utiliza ferramentas de grande impacto ao meio ambiente. Assim, o biomonitoramento utiliza plantas nativas que funcionam como bioindicadoras, processo acessível que garante a percepção de contaminantes no solo por meio das características fisiológicas que a planta apresenta. Este estudo avaliou a potencialidade da Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) como bioindicadora e tolerante a locais contaminados com lodo de curtume contendo Cr. Inicialmente, foi coletado o lodo em uma indústria de couros após o processamento do filtro-prensa na estação de tratamento de efluentes e foi determinada a concentração de Cr pelo espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES), além da caracterização físico-química do lodo. Para este estudo, indivíduos de L. peruviana foram coletados nas margens do rio Forqueta, Sul do Brasil, dos quais se produziram mudas a partir de estacas, que foram transferidas ao lodo de curtume. Os tratamentos realizados tiveram diferentes proporções: 0:100 (TA); 25:75 (TB); 50:50 (TC); 75:25 (TD) e 100:0 (TE), de substrato comercial e lodo de curtume semissólido, respectivamente. As plantas foram transferidas para vasos, mantidos em estufa com monitoramento diário de temperatura, umidade e irrigação, durante 90 dias, com controle semanal da morfologia vegetal e clorofila. Após, as plantas foram coletadas, separadas e analisadas. Como resultados têm-se o aumento de pH do solo em todos tratamentos pós plantio, valores de N e P tiveram uma redução de 50% após o plantio, e K teve seu resultado após plantio em torno de 20 mg/kg. Em relação ao tamanho e quantidade de raízes e brotos percebeu-se um melhor desenvolvimento em TB, TC e TD, onde havia uma associação entre o substrato e a quantidade de lodo de curtume, além de uma concentração menor de Cr. Entretanto, como o substrato utilizado apresentou quantidade considerável de Ni, no TB o tamanho e a quantidade de raízes e brotos foram menores que no TC, mesmo tendo uma proporção de lodo de curtume menor. Houve a presença de clorose foliar em TA e TE; já a clorofila apresentou valores lineares nos TB, TC, TD e TE, demonstrando que o Cr não interferiu de forma significativa. Dessa forma, a L. peruviana é tolerante em determinadas condições e pode ser uma potencial bioindicadora de locais contaminados com Cr, como alternativa para utilização em locais contaminados com este elemento, auxiliando a pesquisa da biotecnologia ambiental.
Heavy metals are toxic substances, of which chromium (Cr) is harmful to the body and the environment. Cr is one of the most harmful and can accumulate in the nervous system, causing behavioral dysfunctions. On the other hand, the leather industries are important for job creation, but their production process generates contaminants, such as Cr, which present complexity in the final treatment, and can cause contamination of soils or groundwater. There are different types of treatments for contaminated soils, but identifying contamination in these soils is sometimes expensive or uses tools that have a great impact on the environment. Thus, biomonitoring uses native plants that function as bioindicators, an accessible process that ensures the perception of contaminants in the soil through the physiological characteristics that the plant presents. This study evaluated the potential of Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) as a bioindicator and tolerant to sites contaminated with tannery sludge containing Cr. Initially, sludge was collected from a leather industry after filter press processing at the effluent treatment plant, and the Cr concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), in addition to the physicochemical characterization of the sludge. For this study, L. peruviana individuals were collected on the banks of the Forqueta River, southern Brazil, from which seedlings were produced from cuttings and transferred to tannery sludge. The treatments performed had different proportions: 0:100 (TA); 25:75 (TB); 50:50 (TC); 75:25 (TD) and 100:0 (TE), of commercial substrate and semi-solid tannery sludge, respectively. The plants were transferred to pots and kept in a greenhouse with daily monitoring of temperature, humidity and irrigation for 90 days, with weekly control of plant morphology and chlorophyll. Afterwards, the plants were collected, separated and analyzed. The results showed an increase in soil pH in all post-planting treatments, N and P values were reduced by 50% after planting, and K levels were around 20 mg/kg after planting. Regarding the size and quantity of roots and shoots, better development was observed in TB, TC and TD, where there was an association between the substrate and the quantity of tannery sludge, in addition to a lower concentration of Cr. However, as the substrate used presented a considerable quantity of Ni, in TB the size and quantity of roots and shoots were smaller than in TC, even with a lower proportion of tannery sludge. Leaf chlorosis was present in TA and TE; chlorophyll presented linear values in TB, TC, TD and TE, demonstrating that Cr did not interfere significantly. Thus, L. peruviana is tolerant under certain conditions and can be a potential bioindicator of sites contaminated with Cr, as an alternative for use in sites contaminated with this element, aiding research into environmental biotechnology.
Heavy metals are toxic substances, of which chromium (Cr) is harmful to the body and the environment. Cr is one of the most harmful and can accumulate in the nervous system, causing behavioral dysfunctions. On the other hand, the leather industries are important for job creation, but their production process generates contaminants, such as Cr, which present complexity in the final treatment, and can cause contamination of soils or groundwater. There are different types of treatments for contaminated soils, but identifying contamination in these soils is sometimes expensive or uses tools that have a great impact on the environment. Thus, biomonitoring uses native plants that function as bioindicators, an accessible process that ensures the perception of contaminants in the soil through the physiological characteristics that the plant presents. This study evaluated the potential of Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) as a bioindicator and tolerant to sites contaminated with tannery sludge containing Cr. Initially, sludge was collected from a leather industry after filter press processing at the effluent treatment plant, and the Cr concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), in addition to the physicochemical characterization of the sludge. For this study, L. peruviana individuals were collected on the banks of the Forqueta River, southern Brazil, from which seedlings were produced from cuttings and transferred to tannery sludge. The treatments performed had different proportions: 0:100 (TA); 25:75 (TB); 50:50 (TC); 75:25 (TD) and 100:0 (TE), of commercial substrate and semi-solid tannery sludge, respectively. The plants were transferred to pots and kept in a greenhouse with daily monitoring of temperature, humidity and irrigation for 90 days, with weekly control of plant morphology and chlorophyll. Afterwards, the plants were collected, separated and analyzed. The results showed an increase in soil pH in all post-planting treatments, N and P values were reduced by 50% after planting, and K levels were around 20 mg/kg after planting. Regarding the size and quantity of roots and shoots, better development was observed in TB, TC and TD, where there was an association between the substrate and the quantity of tannery sludge, in addition to a lower concentration of Cr. However, as the substrate used presented a considerable quantity of Ni, in TB the size and quantity of roots and shoots were smaller than in TC, even with a lower proportion of tannery sludge. Leaf chlorosis was present in TA and TE; chlorophyll presented linear values in TB, TC, TD and TE, demonstrating that Cr did not interfere significantly. Thus, L. peruviana is tolerant under certain conditions and can be a potential bioindicator of sites contaminated with Cr, as an alternative for use in sites contaminated with this element, aiding research into environmental biotechnology.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biomonitoramento; Ludwigia peruviana; Metais tóxicos; Lodo de curtume; Biomonitoring; Toxic metals; Tannery sludge
Citação
SCHNEIDER, Giovana. Cultivo de Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara (Onagraceae) em solos contendo diferentes proporções de lodo de curtume com cromo. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 20 dez. 2024. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/4875.